Universe

Front 1

List the 9 most known planets in our solar system in order

Back 1

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto

Front 2

Define celestial bodies

Back 2

All bodies we can observe from earth

Front 3

Define astronomical bodies

Back 3

Astronomical bodies refer to all bodies in space , this is different from celestial bodies because we can not observe all of space from earth, astronomical refers to everything

Front 4

Define constellation

Back 4

A constellation is a group of stars that viewed from Earth, resembles a form

Front 5

Define asterisms

Back 5

Asterisms are smaller recognizable star patterns within a large constellation

Front 6

What is the summer solstice?

Back 6

In the northern hemisphere, it occurs around June 21 as the longest period of daytime of the year and marks the beginning of summer

Front 7

What is the winter solstice?

Back 7

It is the shortest day of the year and represents the start of winter around December 21. In the southern hemisphere the dates are reversed for the summer and winter solstice

Front 8

What is an equinox? When are the vernal and autumnal equinoxes?

Back 8

An equinox is when the hours of daylight and of night are equal. There are two types of equinox Vernal or spring around March 21 and autumnal around September 22

Front 9

What is Polaris?

Back 9

Polaris is the north star, it doesn't appear to move like most starts because it is above the earth you can see it at the tip of the Little Dipper's handle

Front 10

What is the Geocentric Model

Back 10

A model of the universe used long ago that states that the Earth is the center of everything and everything orbits around us

Front 11

What is the Heliocentric Model?

Back 11

This is the accepted model of the solar system that states that the Sun is the center of our solar system and all the planets orbit around it

Front 12

Nebula

Back 12

Vast clouds of gas and dust, they are the birthplace of stars

Front 13

Describe a solar eclipse?

Back 13

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon lies directly between Earth and the Sun, blocking all or part of the Sunlight to viewers in Earth (see hint for visualization)

Hint 13

Front 14

Define a lunar eclipse?

Back 14

A lunar eclipse is when the Earth blocks out the Sun's light on the Moon, making the Moon briefly disappear (see hint for visualisation)

Hint 14

Front 15

Define plasma

Back 15

Plasma is the fourth state of matter made up of freely moving charged particles

Front 16

What is the tilt of the Earth?

Back 16

23.5 degrees

Front 17

What is a sunspot?

Back 17

A sunspot is a region on the Sun's surface that is cooler than the surrounding areas

Front 18

What is a solar prominence?

Back 18

A solar prominence is a large, curved, low energy, bright stream of particles. It may last for several hours of weeks (see hint for visualization)

Hint 18

Front 19

What is a solar flare?

Back 19

A solar flare is a high energy massive explosion at the surface of the Sun. An extremely powerful type of solar flare is called a coronal mass ejection.

Front 20

What is solar wind?

Back 20

Solar wind is the constant flow of particles streaming out of the Sun's surface in all directions

Front 21

Name the types of stars and their surface temperatures

Back 21

A yellow star had a surface temperature of around 6000 degrees Celsius.

A red star has a surface temperature of around 3000 degrees Celsius

A blue star has a surface temperature between 20 000

and 35 000

Front 22

What are the aurora borealis and aurora australis? Where do they come from?

Back 22

The aurora borealis are the Northern Lights and the aurora australis are the Southern Lights. The both appear when the solar winds penetrates the Magnetosphere and the Earth's magnetic field sends it to the poles where it heats up the air molecules making it glow

Front 23

How long is a lunar cycle?

Back 23

27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes.

Front 24

How was the Moon likely formed?

Back 24

Scientist believe a large object, nearly the size of Mars crashed into the Earth. Earth survived but the other object was destroyed, the gravitational pull of the Earth kept the rubble and debris and it compacted into the Moon.

Front 25

Define galaxy

Back 25

A large group of solar systems are held together in one galaxy

Front 26

What galaxy are we in?

Back 26

The Milky way galaxy

Front 27

What are the 3 types of galaxies?

Back 27

Spiral, Elliptical and Irregular

Front 28

What is the closest galaxy to our galaxy?

Back 28

Andromena galaxy

Front 29

What are spiral galaxies?

Back 29

Spiral galaxies are named for the spiral-shaped arms. About half of spiral galaxies including the Milky way have what looks like a bar across them this are called barred spiral galaxies. (See hint for visualization)

Hint 29

Front 30

What are elliptical galaxies?

Back 30

Elliptical galaxies have shapes ranging from spherical to football-shaped (see hint for visualization) to pencil-shaped.This galaxies are the result of two or more galaxies merging to make a bigger galaxy.

Hint 30

Front 31

What is a new moon?

Back 31

It is when the Moon lies between Earth and the Sun, none of the sunlight reaches the side that is facing the Earth

Front 32

What are irregular galaxies?

Back 32

Galaxies without a regular shape, this may be because a galaxy collided with another one or got to close

Front 33

What do scientists believe would happen without a moon

Back 33

Scientist believe that without a moon, life would not be able to sustain, there would be extreme temperatures ranging from 100 degrees Celsius to -80, Earth would not be able to sustain it's tilt so the Earth would wobble, which would cause extreme environmental changes like snow in deserts and flooding of coasts. Some animals and plants would not know when to mate and that would disturb the food chain. We would be vulnerable to much more asteroid strikes. Basically it would be bad.

Front 34

Nebula theory

Back 34

The theory that explains the formation if the solar system and other starand planets systems from nebulae