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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Yellow Journalism
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type of journalism that presents little or no legitimate well-researched news and instead uses eye-catching headlines to sell more newspapers.
Competition between William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer. |
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Spanish-American War
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conflict in 1898 between Spain and the United States, the result of American intervention in the Cuban War of Independence.
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Causes of the Spanish-American War
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American imperialism, yellow journalism, poor treatment of Cubans in Spanish concentration camps, and when the battleship U.S.S. Maine exploded and sank in Havana harbor. Lome letter.
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Consequences of the Spanish-American War
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Treaty of Paris: granted US ownership of Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam.
Teller Amendment: US would not annex Cuba. Platt Amendment: gave US the right to intervene in Cuban affairs to help them gain their independence. |
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Reasons US abroad began to expand
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Better communication lines, faster steam travel, US had no where left to expand on the mainland, heavy immigration, and a rush by European countries to control Asian trade.
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Philippine-American War
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1899–1902, was an armed conflict between the United States and Filipino revolutionaries.
Philippines didn't like that the US had "won" them in the Spanish-American War so the local population began a revolution. |
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Emilio Aguinaldo
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appointed himself leader of the Philippines. US refused to recognize his authority so they captured him and made him swear allegiance to the US.
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Open Door Policy
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Grants multiple international powers with equal access to China, with none of them in total control of that country. It was mainly used to mediate competing interests of the colonial powers without much meaningful input from the Chinese, thus creating lingering resentment and has been seen as a symbol of national humiliation by many Chinese historians.
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Boxer Rebellion
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a violent anti-foreign and anti-Christian movement which took place in China between 1899 and 1901. The Boxer Rebellion weakened the Ch'ing dynasty's power and overthrew the boy emperor to made China a republic.
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Wilson's diplomatic philosophy in WWI
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In order to maintain that WW1 was the war to end all wars it was important to develop a League of Nations that would work to maintain the peace through diplomacy rather than military action. US to remain neutral but close ties with British and French.
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Why was the US neutral for so long?
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The US didn't want to enter a war that didn't really affect them. They preferred isolationism, figuring England and Germany would figure it out on their own. Wanted to trade with both sides.
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Why did the US finally enter the war?
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Lusitania (trade ship sunk by Germans that killed many Americans), along with sinking of many other ships (Sussex) that carried some Americans. Zimmermann note: a telegram from Germany to Mexico to declare war on America.
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Espionage Act of 1917
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made it a crime for any person to convey information intended to interfere with the U.S. armed forces' prosecution of the war effort or to promote the success of the country's enemies.
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Sedition Act of 1918
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an extension to the Espionage Act of 1917. imposed harsh penalties on anyone found guilty of making false statements that interfered with the prosecution of the war.
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Impact of the War on American society in terms of accelerating industrialization
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Economically, the U.S. emerged as a premier superpower in the world. The war effort further accelerated the industrialization of commerce, and GDP (gross domestic product) increased greatly.
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Impact of the War on American society in terms of accelerating urbanization (Great Migration)
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War industries sparked the growth. “Great Migration” occurs as people move to cities to work in factories as part of the mobilization for war.
Increase in women and african americans. |
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Wilson's vision for a post-war world order and why it fails in the US.
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14 Points: principles proposed by Wilson to assure Americans of the moral and idealistic ends that the United States sought to achieve by fighting the Great War.
Failed because it was only an ideal thought process from Wilson, it was created and delivered without really consulting the countries that were directly affected by the war. Treaty of Versaille: ended ww1 and created independent countries. |
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League of Nations
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To ensure that war never broke out again. Was created by Wilson but America refused to join... kind of weird. Germany and Russia were not aloud to join when the League first began because Germany started the war and Russia had a communist government.
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Red Scare
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hysteria over the perceived threat posed by Communists in the U.S.. Federal employees were analyzed to determine whether they were sufficiently loyal to the government.
Reflected the impact of Bulshivik Revolution in Russia on America's outlook. |
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Immigration Restriction & how it arose out of post-war fears.
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1. a concern about the impact of immigration on the economic well-being of a country's workforce
2. anxiety about possibly accepting immigrants of diverse ethnic and cultural origins easily. 3. foreign immigrants might threaten national security by introducing alien ideologies. |
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Economic policies pursued by President Coolidge & Andrew Mellon
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Reduced the number of taxes brackets so more people could easily figure out what they owed.
Their grandest feat was lowering tax rates tremendously. Laizze Faire |
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How consumerism manifested itself in the 1920's
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Automobiles, radios, motion pictures, home appliances.
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How did the automobile change america in the 1920s?
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Could finally purchase on a credit - new to most Americans. Expansion of roads and highways: families were able to take vacations and the American development of the motel took off, as did service stations and roadside restaurants.
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New forms of mass culture in American society in the 1920's.
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Department stores, advertisements, theaters, amusement parks, spectator sports.
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What was the Scopes trial and its significance?
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legal case involving the teaching of evolution in public schools. Scopes and Darrow vs. Williams Jenning Bryan. Scopes was convicted.
The significance was the increase in the teaching of evolution in schools afterwards, paved way for a stronger secular culture. |
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What caused the Great Depression?
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Weaknesses in agriculture,
Overproduction/underconsumption Expansion of Consumer credit Weak banking structure Stock market crash |
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Major consequences of the Great Depression
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Massive unemployment in the industry,
farm foreclosures, bank failures, homelessness, children dropping out of school |
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Hoover’s approach to the Depression.
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Increase federal spending, asked businesses to not lower wages and to create the Public Works Administration. Hoover also ordered that immigration be stopped or reduced, no federal aid to the poor.
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Reconstruction Finance Corporation Act
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Its purpose is to stop deflation in agriculture and industry and thus to increase employment by the restoration of men to their normal jobs. It is not created for the aid of big industries or big banks.
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Revenue Act of 1932
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raised United States tax rates across the board. The estate tax was doubled and corporate taxes were raised by almost 15 percent.
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Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1932
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Raised import duties to protect American businesses and farmers, adding considerable strain to the international economic climate of the Great Depression. AKA raised taxes again.
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The "First" New Deal
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dealt with mostly immediate measures of getting the unemployed back to work and providing welfare and recovery.
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The "Second" New Deal
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Included the WPA, which was the major relief agency of the New Deal. It was to provide work, not welfare. The major new piece of legislation during the Second New Deal was the Social Security Act of 1935.
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Social Security Act of 1935
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Established a system of old-age benefits for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind, and the physically handicapped.
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John Maynard Keynes
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British economist whose theories helped justify New Deal deficit spending
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Foreign diplomacy between the wars and World War II
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Sought to improve relations, trade associations with other countries, and US ended occupations of countries in Central America and the Carribean.
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Purpose of WWII
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Germany taking over other countries.
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Neutrality Acts
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If a state of war exists between foreign nations, US government must impose an embargo on armed sales to the warring nations and stop US citizens from traveling on their ships.
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Lend-Lease
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"Loaning" weapons and raw materials. Aid to Great Britain, China, and Soviet Union.
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What actions by the Us contributed to the Japenese decision to bomb Pearl Harbor.
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US embargoed all trade with Japan. Halted sales of petroleum on which japans navy depended. Japan didn't produce any oil of its own. US STOPPED OIL TRADE. US supported military trade to China.
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Atlantic Charter
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Made by US and Great Britain. Disarming defeated aggressors in establishing a permanent system of general security.
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FDR's Four Freedom - what were they?
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Freedom of Speech
Freedom of Religion Freedom from fear Freedom from want |
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Manhattan project
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Secret US scientific and military program during WWII dedicated to he development of the atomic bomb, began in Germany. Led by J. Robert Oppenheymer.
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Japanese internment
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Relocation centers, put Japanese in internment camps in America.
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