United States Constitution

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Article 1 Section 1

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all legislative power lies in the congress, which comprises the senate and the house of representatives

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Article 1 Section 2

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defines the House of Representatives
-lower house of congress
-age prerequisite of 25 yrs
-members elected every 2 years
-# of members is proportional to state population
-Speaker of the House chosen by reps

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Article 1 Section 3

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defines the Senate
-min age of 30
-originally senators were appointed by the legislatures of the individual states
-senators serve for 6 years
-each state has two senators
-the vice president is the leader of the senate, and does not vote unless there is a tie

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Article 1, Section 4

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each state may establish its own methods for electing members of the congress, and requires that congress must meet 1ce per year

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Article 1 Section 5

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Congress must have a minimum number of members present in order to meet; there can be fines for members who don't show up; members may be expelled, a journal must be kept recording proceedings and votes, neither house can adjourn without the permission of the other

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Article 1 Section 6

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members of Congress must be paid, they cannot be detained while traveling to and from Congress, and they cannot hold any other office in the government while in Congress

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Article 1 Section 7

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How a bill becomes a law:
- a bill for raising money must start in the House
- All bills must pass both houses of Congress in the exact same form
- Bills that pass are sent to the president who can sign the bill (makes it a law) or veto it
-If the bill is veto'd, it is sent back to congress and can be passed with a two-thirds majority in both houses (overriding a veto)

if the president ignores a bill, it becomes a law after 10 days

if the president ignores a bill and congress adjourns before 10 days are up, the bill does not get passed. this is called a pocket veto

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Article 1 Section 8
(7 things)

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specific powers of congress:
-maintain and establish an army and navy
-establish post offices
-create courts
-regulate commerce
-declare war
-raise money
-elastic clause -- congress can pass any law necessary for carrying out the previously listed powers

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Article 1 Section 9

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limits on Congress
-suspension of habeas corpus
-punishment without trial
-ex post facto laws
-favoritism between states
-no money taken from treasury
-no title of nobility

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Article 1 Section 10

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prohibits the states from:
-making their own money
-declaring war
-taxing goods from other states
-having navies

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Article 2 Section 1

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establishes the office of the President and Vice President
-term is 4 years
-voted by the electoral college (1 vote for each member of congress)
-35 yr age limit
-natural born citizen
-president is paid a salary

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Article 2 Section 2

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presidential powers
-commander in chief of armed forces and the militia
-he has a cabinet to aid him
-can pardon criminals
-can make treaties with other nations
-picks judges and other members of gov with approval of senate

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Article 2 Section 3

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duties of the president
-give a state of the union address
-make suggestions to Congress
-act as head of state by receiving ambassadors and other heads of state
-make sure the laws of the US are carried out

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Article 2 Section 4

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impeachment

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Article 3 Section 1

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establishes the supreme court
terms of judges of both supreme and lower court (they usually serve for life)
judges must be paid

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Article 3 Section 2

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sets the kinds of cases that may be heard by the federal judiciary, which will be heard by the supreme court frist, and that all other cases heard by the supreme court are by appeal
guarantees trial by jury in criminal court

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Article 3 Section 3

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defines the crime of treason

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Article 4 Section 1

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mandates that all states will honor the laws of all other states

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Article 4 Section 2

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guarantees that citizens of one state be treated equally and fairly like all citizens of another
if a person commits a crime in one state, they will be returned to that state
fugitive slaves will be returned

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Article 4 Section 3

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concerns the admittance of new states and the control of federal lands

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Article 4 Section 4

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ensures a republican form of government (representative democracy)
guarantees that the federal government will protect the states against invasion and insurrection

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Article 5

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details the method of amending, or changing, the constitution
-an amendment must be passed by 2/3rds of both houses of congress, then by 2/3rds of all the state legislatures
-it must be approved in 7 years

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Article 6

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guarantees that the United States will assume all debts and contracts entered into by the United States under the articles of confederation
-sets the constitution and all laws and treaties to be the supreme law
-requires officers of the US to swear an oath of allegience

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Article 7

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method for ratification of the Constitution - 9 states had to accept the constitution

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1st Amendment

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freedom of religion, of speech, of assembly, of the press

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2nd Amendment

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right to bear arms

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3rd Amendment

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no quartering of soldiers

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4th Amendment

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protects people from the gov improperly taking property, papers, or people without a valid warrant

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5th Amendment

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innocent until proven guilty; a person cannot be tried twice for the same crime; you do not need to testify against yourself; property cannot be taken without just compensation; due process guarantees

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Streptozocin

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Meca: Nitrosureas. Alkylate DNA, cross blood-brain barrier.

Tox: CNS. therapy brain tumors.

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7th amendment

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guarantees a jury trial in federal civil court cases

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8th amendment

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guarantees that punishments will be fair, and not cruel, and that extraordinarily large fines will not be set

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9th amendment

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other rights aside from the aforementioned exist, and just because they are not listed doesn't mean they can be violated

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10th amendment

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any power not granted to the federal gov belongs to the states or to the people