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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What blood pressure indicates pre-hypertension?
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SBP 120-139
DBP 80-89 |
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What blood pressure indicates stage 1 hypertension?
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SBP 140-159
DBP 90-99 |
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What blood pressure indicates stage 2 hypertension?
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SBP 160 & over
DBP 100 & over |
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What drugs treat stage 1 & 2 hypertension?
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Thiazides, ACEI, ARB, BB, CCB
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What is the goal BP for patients with diabetes or chronic kidney disease?
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130/80
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For a 10 kg weight loss, how much should this lower the SBP?
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5-20 mmHg
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How much does the DASH diet usually lower SBP?
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8-14 mmHg
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How much will restricting sodium to 2.4 g per day lower SBP?
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2-8 mmHg
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How much will 30 min/day of physical exercise lower SBP?
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4-9 mmHg
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How much will moderation of alcohol consumption lower SBP?
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2-4 mmHg
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What are the 3 types of diuretics?
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Loop diuretics
Thiazides Potassium sparing |
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Which class of diuretics are the most potent?
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Loop diuretics
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What are the thiazides?
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HCTZ
Chlorthalidone (Hygroton) Metolazone (Zaroxolyn) Indapamide (Lozol) |
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What are the side effects of thiazides?
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Hypokalemia
Hypomagnesemia Hyponatremia Hyperglycemia Gout Dehydration Rash |
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What is the onset & duration of HCTZ?
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Onset: 2 hrs
Duration: 12-18 hrs |
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What is the onset & duration of Chlorthalidone?
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Onset: 2 hrs
Duration: 24 hrs |
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What is the onset & duration of Metolazone?
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Onset: 1 hr
Duration: 24 hours |
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What is the onset & duration of Indapamide?
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Onset: 1-2 hrs
Duration: 24 hrs |
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What is the onset & duration of Bumetanide, Torsemide, & Ethacrynic acid?
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Onset: 0.5-1 hr
Duration: 4-6 hrs |
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What is the onset & duration of Furosemide?
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Onset: 0.5-1 hr
Duration: 6-8 hrs |
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What are the four potassium sparing diuretics?
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Spironolactone
Eplerenone Triamterene Amiloride |
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Which potassium sparing diuretics are aldosterone antagonists?
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Spironolactone
Eplerenone |
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What are the effects of angiotensin II?
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Increased vasoconstriction
Increased aldosterone Increased vasopressin activity Increase in sympathetic nervous system activity |
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What is the MOA of ACE inhibitors?
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Blocks conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
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What is the MOA of ARBs?
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Blocks angiotensin II receptors
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What do the names of ARBs end in?
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"sartan"
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What do the names of ACE inhibitors end in?
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"pril"
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What is the only IV ACE inhibitor?
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Enalaprilat
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What are the adverse reactions of ACE inhibitors?
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Hyperkalemia
Increased serum creatinine/ARF Cough Angioedema |
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What are the adverse reactions of ARBs?
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Hyperkalemia
Increased serum creatinine/ARF Angioedema |
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What are the contraindications of ACE/ARBs?
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Bilateral renal artery stenosis
Pregnancy Angioedema to other ACEIs Hyperkalemia |
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What is the renin inhibitor?
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Aliskiren (Tekturna)
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What are the adverse effects of aliskiren?
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Hyperkalemia
Angioedema Possible negative effect on renal function |
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Which beta blockers have moderate lipid solubility?
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Carvedilol (Coreg)
Metoprolol (Lopressor) Pindolol (Visken) |
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Where are alpha 1 receptors located?
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blood vessels
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What is the effect of the activation of alpha 1 receptors?
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Vasoconstriction, elevated BP
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What is the effect of the activation of alpha 2 receptors?
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Vasodilation, lower BP
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Where are beta 1 receptors located?
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Heart & kidney
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What is the effect of the activation of beta 1 receptors?
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Heart - beats faster & stronger
Kidney - promotes renin release |
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Where are beta 2 receptors located?
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Lungs
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What is the effect of the activation of beta 2 receptors?
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Bronchodilation
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Which beta blocker has high lipid solubility?
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Propranolol (Inderal)
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What are the adverse effects of beta blockers?
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Drowsiness, lethargy
Bradycardia/heart block Bronchoreactive events May mask signs of hypoglycemia |
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What are the contraindications to beta blocker use?
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Symptomatic bradycardia/hypotension
Decompensation HF Use with caution in asthma & diabetes |
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What are the non-dihydropyridine CCBs?
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Verapamil
Diltiazem |
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What are the peripheral alpha-1 receptor blockers?
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Terazosin
Doxazosin Prazosin |
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What unique case warrants the use of a peripheral alpha-1 receptor?
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Males w/benign prostatic hypertrophy
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What are the adverse effects of peripheral alpha-1 receptor blockers?
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1st dose syncope
Dizziness Lethargy |
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What are the alpha-2 receptor agonists?
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Clonidine
Methyldopa |
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What are the vasodilators?
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Hydralazine
Minoxidil |
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What drugs should be used with vasodilators to counteract compensatory changes?
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Diuretic
Beta blocker |
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What drugs can be used for heart failure with compelling indications?
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Diuretic
BB ACEI ARB Aldosterone Antagonist |
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What class of drugs cannot be used for heart failure with compelling indications?
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CCB
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What classes of drugs can be used post-MI with compelling indications?
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BB
ACEI Aldosterone Antagonist |
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What classes of drugs cannot be used post-MI with compelling indications?
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Diuretics
ARB CCB |
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What drugs can be used for high coronary disease risk with compelling indications?
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Diuretic
BB ACEI CCB |
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What drugs cannot be used for high coronary disease risk with compelling indications?
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ARB
Aldosterone Antagonist |
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What drugs can be used for diabetes with compelling indications?
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Diuretic
BB ACEI ARB CCB |
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What class of drugs cannot be used for diabetes with compelling indications?
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Aldosterone antagonist
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What drugs can be used for chronic kidney disease with compelling indications?
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ACEI
ARB CCB |
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What drugs cannot be used for chronic kidney disease with compelling indications?
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Diuretic
BB Aldosterone Antagonist |
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What drugs can be used for recurrent stroke prevention with compelling indications?
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Diuretic
ACEI ARB |
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What drugs cannot be used for recurrent stroke prevention with compelling indications?
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BB
CCB Aldosterone antagonist |
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What herbal products can cause resistant hypertension?
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Ephedra
Ma huang Bitter orange Licorice |
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What OTC items can cause resistant hypertension?
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Decongestants
Appetite suppressants |
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Bitter Orange is typically found in what products?
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Weight loss products
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What substance is contained in guarana that increases heart rate & BP?
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Caffeine
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