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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the biologically important groups of lipids?
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Neutral fats
Conjugated lipids Sterols |
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What are neutral fats?
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Fatty acids in form of triglycerides
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What are conjugated lipids?
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Phosphate or sugar group added to lipid molecule; integral part of cell wall structure
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What are sterols?
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Building blocks in cells & membranes; constituents of hormones
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What are triglycerides?
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3 fatty acid molecules esterified to a single glycerol molecule
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What is a lipoprotein?
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lipid complex + specialized proteins
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What is apoA1?
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HDL
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What is apoB?
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LDL
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What do apolipoproteins do?
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aid in solubilization of lipids and in transfer of lipids from GI tract to liver
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What are the types of lipoproteins?
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Chylomicrons
VLDL IDL LDL HDL |
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What lipoprotein contains the most plasma cholesterol?
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LDL
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The least dense proteins are those that contain the most what?
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triglycerides
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What lipoprotein contains triglyceride in fasting plasma?
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VLDL
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What does the exogenous pathway do?
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Absorption of TGL & Cholesterol through the intestine
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What does the endogenous pathway do?
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Synthesis of TGL from fatty acids by liver
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What does a serum sample with uniform turbidity indicate?
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Increased VLDL without chylomicrons
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What does a "cream" & turbid serum sample indicate?
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increased VLDL, increased chylomicrons
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What does a "cream" & clear serum sample indicate?
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increased chylomicrons, no excess VLDL
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What is the calculation for LDL?
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Total cholesterol - HDL - (Triglycerides/5)
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What is the goal LDL for patients with CHD/CHD risk?
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below 100 mg/dL
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For patients with 0-1 risk factor, at what LDL level should drug therapy be considered?
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190 mg/dL
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What is lipoprotein (a)?
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Specialized form of LDL that is assembled extracellularly from apolipoprotein (a) and LDL; structurally similar to plasminogen
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What is the action of lipoprotein (a)?
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Interferes with fibrinolysis by competing with plasminogen binding to plasminogen receptors, fibrinogen, and fibrin
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What is the net effect of lipoprotein (a)?
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impaired plasminogen activation and plasmin generation at the thrombus surface, leading to decreased thrombolysis
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What is homocysteine?
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an intermediary amino acid formed by the conversion of methionine to cysteine
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What are the histopathologic hallmarks of homocysteine-induced vascular injury?
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intimal thickening
elastic lamina disruption smooth muscle hypertrophy marked platelet accumulation formation of platelet-enriched occlusive thrombi |
