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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two age ranges in which Crohn's disease is usually diagnosed?
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teens-20s
50s-70s |
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What are the three descriptions of the Vienna classification of Crohn's?
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Stricturing
Penetrating Inflammatory |
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What are the three main classifications of Crohn's?
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Ileocolic
Ileitis Colitis |
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How much cortisol does a normal adult release daily?
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10-20 mg
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What is the best diagnostic test for thyroid disorders?
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TSH levels
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What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?
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Graves disease
(60-80% of all cases) |
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What is a goiter?
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Enlargement of the thyroid
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What are the majority of goiters caused by?
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Iodine deficiency
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What is Hashimoto's thyroiditis?
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Low uptake of iodine
Autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland; leads to transient hyperthyroidism |
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What disease results from autoantibodies binding the TSH-receptor?
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Graves disease
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Soft, warm, velvety skin, fine hair, and exophthalmos are indicative of what disease?
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Graves disease
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During what time of the year is nephrolithiasis most commonly seen?
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Hot summer months
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Acidic urine is a risk factor for what kind of stone?
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Uric acid stone
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Basic urine is a risk factor for what kind of stone?
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Calcium phosphate stone
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What type of kidney stones contain Mg-ammonium-phosphate?
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Struvite
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What kidney stones are associated with a genetic disorder of metabolism?
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Cystinuric
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What are most cases of pancreatitis related to?
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Heavy alcohol intake
Biliary tract disease |
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Which pancreatic enzyme can be elevated as much as 3 times above the normal limit in pancreatitis?
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Amylase
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Where does the pain of acute cholecystitis usually radiate?
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Right shoulder or back
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Which sign is used to detect acute cholecystitis?
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Murphy's sign
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What do the parafollicular cells of the thyroid produce?
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Calcitonin
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How many iodide molecules does thyroxine have?
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4
(T4) |
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How many iodide molecules does triiodothyronine have?
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3
(T3) |
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What are most thyroid hormones bound to in order to be transported in the blood?
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Thyroid-binding globulins (TBG) or albumin
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What is the disease characterized by decreased bone mass and loss of normal skeletal microarchitecture?
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Osteoporosis
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Glucocorticoids antagonize the actions of what vitamin?
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Vitamin D
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Osteoblasts do what?
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Form new bone
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What is the disease that involves decreased calcification or density of bone?
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Osteopenia
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An increased secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex causes what disease?
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Cushing's syndrome
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What is the name of the disease that involves a gradual softening and bending of bones?
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Osteomalacia or rickets
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Osteoclasts do what?
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Responsible for resorption of old bone
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A deficiency of what mineral inhibits osteoblasts?
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Magnesium
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A deficiency of what vitamin may inhibit osteoblast activity?
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Vitamin B12
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Growth hormone is secreted by what?
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Anterior pituitary
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What hormone inhibits the activity of osteoclasts?
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Calcitonin
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What hormone increases the activity of osteoclasts?
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PTH
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What hormone speeds up calcium absorption from blood and accelerates calcium in bones?
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Calcitonin
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Calcium, glucose, and magnesium imbalances can cause what?
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Tonic-clonic seizure
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What is the most common cause of hypocalcemia?
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Hypoparathyroidism
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PTH increases or decreases blood calcium levels?
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Increases
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Calcitonin increases or decreases blood calcium levels?
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Decreases
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A deficiency in PTH will cause what to happen to the phosphorus level?
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Increase it
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What increases intestinal absorption of calcium?
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Calcitriol
Vitamin D |
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About half our plasma calcium level is attached to what three things?
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Albumin
Phosphate Citrate |
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What is the age range at which women usually go through menopause?
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48-55 years
Median 51.4 |
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How does alcohol consumption affect the timing of menopause?
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Associated with later menopause
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How does smoking affect the timing of menopause?
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Associated with earlier menopause (about 2 years earlier)
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What is the medical term for a collapsed lung?
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Pneumothorax
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What is dullness over one side of the chest following trauma?
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Hemothorax
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Dowager's Hump is what?
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A rounded back with loss of height, associated with vertebral compression fracture
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What are the three types of estrogens?
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Estrone (E1)
Estradiol (E2) Estriol (E3) |
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What is the primary estrogen of nonpregnant women?
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Estradiol
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Which estrogen is seen more in postmenopausal women?
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Estrone
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What estrogen is seen more during pregnancy?
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Estriol
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