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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the functions of the colon?
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Absorption of water and electrolytes
Storage of fecal matter |
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What are the treatments for C. diff?
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Metronidazole (1st line)
Vancomycin (Resistant cases) |
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What is the pathophysiology of diarrhea?
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Increased osmolarity
Change in intestinal motility Impaired absorption Inflammatory and ulcerative processes |
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What are the antimotility antidiarrheals?
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Diphenoxylate/atropine (Lomotil)
Loperamide (Imodium AD) |
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What is the MOA of antimotility antidiarrheals?
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Decreases GI motility and propulsion
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What is an example of an adsorbent antidiarrheal?
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Polycarbophil (FiberCon)
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What is the MOA of polycarbophil (Fibercon)?
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Adsorb water and decrease stool liquidity
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What is an example of an antisecretory diarrheal?
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Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol, Kaopectate)
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What is an example of an enzyme diarrheal?
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Lactase (Lactaid)
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What is the MOA of Lactase (LactAid)?
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Hydrolyze lactose into digestable sugars
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What is an example of a bacterial replacement antidiarrheal?
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Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lactinex)
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What is the MOA of lactobacillus acidophilus (Lactinex)?
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Replace colonic bacterial microflora
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What bulk-forming agents are used to treat constipation?
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Polycarbophil (FiberCon)
Psyllium (Metamucil) Methylcellulose (Citrucel) |
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What is the MOA of bulk-forming agents?
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Work by adsorbing water, expanding the stool content, leading to intestinal distention & peristalsis
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What emollient agents are used to treat constipation?
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Docusate sodium (Colace)
Docusate calcium (Surfak) |
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What is the MOA of emollients?
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Stool softeners; promote water permeation of stool, usually for prevention
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What hyperosmotic drugs treat constipation?
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Lactulose (Cephulac)
Sorbitol Polyethylene glycol (Miralax) |
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What is the MOA of hyperosmotic drugs?
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Attact water into the intestines, leading to fluid accumulation, peristalsis, and bowel evacuation
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What lubricant treats constipation?
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Mineral oil
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What is the MOA of mineral oil?
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Coats stool surface, retains water
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What types of drugs cause softening of feces in 1-3 days?
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Bulk-forming
Emollients Hyperosmotic Lubricant |
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What are the stimulant drugs that treat constipation?
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Bisacodyl (oral) (Dulcolax)
Senna (Senekot) Cascara sagrada |
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What is the MOA of stimulant drugs for constipation?
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MOA unknown; may increase peristalsis by direct irritant effect on intestinal smooth muscle
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What types of drugs result in soft or semifluid stool in 6-12 hours and should be used for acute constipation?
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Stimulants
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What types of drugs cause watery evacuation in 1-6 hours and should be used for acute constipation?
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Saline laxatives
Stimulants |
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What are the saline laxatives that treat acute constipation?
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Magnesium citrate (Citroma)
Sodium phosphates (Fleets - enema only, Visicol, OsmoPrep) Polyethylene glycol-electrolyte preps (Golytely, Colyte) |
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What is the MOA of saline laxatives?
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Highly osmotic ions draw water into the gut, leading to increase intestinal motility. Usually reserved when complete bowel evacuation is needed.
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Which stimulant can be used to treat pediatric constipation?
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Glycerin
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What are indications for lubiprostone (Amitiza)?
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chronic idiopathic constipation in adults
IBS - constipation predominant |
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What is the MOA of lubiprostone (Amitiza)?
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type 2 chloride channel activator
local and selective to active membrane of GIT Stimulates chloride-rich intestinal fluid secretion |
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What are the adverse effects of lubiprostone (Amitiza)?
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Nausea (30%)
Diarrhea headache flatulence |
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What are the antispasmodic drugs that treat IBS?
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Hyoscyamine (Levsin)
Dicyclomine (Bentyl) |
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What is the MOA of antispasmodics?
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Intestinal smooth muscle relaxation
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What are the tricyclic antidepressants that treat IBS?
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Amitriptyline
Nortriptyline Desipramine |
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What are the possible benefits of tricyclic antidepressants used as adjuvants for IBS?
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Modulate perception of visceral pain
Alter GI transit Treat psychiatric comorbidities |
