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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What 3 bacteria are the most common causes of cellulitis?
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S. aureus
S. pyogenes H. influenzae |
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What are the symptoms of cellulitis?
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Pain, induration, warmth, erythema
Occasional lymphadenopathy Occasional red streaks along site of lymphatic drainage |
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What form of cellulitis only occurs on the cheek or around the nose?
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Erysipelas
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What is erysipeloid?
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A form of cellulitis that produces redness of the fingers or the back of the hands; usually seen in fishermen or meat handlers
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What is elephantiasis nostra?
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Chronic form of cellulitis that presents with impairment of lymphatic drainage, permanent swelling, dermal fibrosis, and epidermal thickening
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What dangerous condition presents similarly to cellulitis and must be ruled out before diagnosis?
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Deep venous thrombosis
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What is the WBC count in a person with S. aureus or S. pyogenes cellulitis?
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Normal
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What is shown in labs of a patient with H. influenzae cellulitis?
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Elevated WBC usually over 15,000
Blood culture positive |
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What are the contributing factors to dry skin?
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Dry cold weather
Bubble baths Non-moisturizing soaps Age |
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What is the term for dry skin?
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Xerosis
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What are some intrinsic factors/diseases that can cause dry skin?
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Diabetes
Hypothyroidism Malnutrition Devascularization Medications |
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What skin conditions always itch?
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Atopic dermatitis
Urticaria Insect bites Scabies Pediculosis Chicken pox Lichen planus |
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What skin conditions may or may not itch?
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Psoriasis
Impetigo Tinea Pityriasis rosea |
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What skin conditions do not itch?
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Warts
Neurofibromatosis Vitiligo Nevi |
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What skin condition did the recently deceased King of Pop Michael Jackson have?
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Vitiligo
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What causes vitiligo?
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melanocyte death or loss of function
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What is urticaria, and what are the symptoms and causes?
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Hives
Symptoms: Red, raised, itchy Causes: Usually allergic reaction but may be stress |
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What causes tinea versicolor?
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the yeast pityrosporum orbiculare
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What does KOH examination of tinea versicolor reveal?
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"spaghetti and meatballs" pattern
hyphae & round spores |
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What are some topical treatments for tinea versicolor?
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selenium sulfide lotion
ketoconazole shampoo zinc pyrithione soap Miconazole, clotrimazole, econazole |
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What is tinea corporis more commonly known as?
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Ringworm
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What three dermatophytes can cause tinea corporis?
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Microsporum
Trichophyton Epidermophyton |
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What oral antifungals are used to treat tinea corporis?
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Griseofulvin (Only oral agent approved for dermatophyte treatment in the USA)
Itraconazole Terbinafine Fluconazole |
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What is tinea pedis more commonly known as?
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Athlete's foot
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What topical medications are used to treat tinea pedis?
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Butenafine
Terbinafine Sertaconazole |
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What is tinea cruris more commonly known as?
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Jock itch
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Where is tinea capitis located?
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on the scalp
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What is the tinea infection of the finger/toenails known as?
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Onychomycosis
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What color does fungus show under a Wood's Lamp?
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greenish-yellow
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What are the causative organisms of tinea capitis?
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T. tonsurans
M. canis |
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What causative organism of tinea capitis will not fluoresce under Wood's lamp?
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T. tonsurans
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What topical treatment is used for tinea capitis?
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Ketoconazole 2% shampoo Selenium sulfide 1% shampoo
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What is the treatment for onychomycosis?
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Oral itraconazole 200mg/daily for 2-3 months or 200mg bid for 1 week per month May also use terbinafine but may cause drug interactions
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What is the mechanical cause of folliculitis?
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Persistent trauma
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What medication can be used for superficial folliculitis?
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Mupirocin (Bactroban)
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What oral medications can be used for extensive or spreading folliculitis?
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Oral antistaphylococcal antibiotics - Oxacillin/dicloxacillin/ cefuroxime
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What is paronychia?
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Bacterial or fungal infection of the proximal and lateral nail fold
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What is the organism that usually causes acute paronychia?
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S. aureus
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What usually causes chronic paronychia?
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Contact irritant exposure or Candida albicans
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What is the treatment for acute paronychia?
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Antistaphylococcal antibiotics
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What is the treatment for chronic paronychia?
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group V topical steroids such as miconazole or fluconazole
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What is the pulling out of one's own hair called?
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Trichotillomania
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What is the treatment for trichotillomania?
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Clomipramine (Anafranil)
Behavior therapy (habit renewal training) |
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What conditions can cause hair loss?
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Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, SLE, secondary syphilis, alopecia, iron deficiency anemia, pituitary insufficiency, medication side effects
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What is the most common form of alopecia?
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Androgenetic (pattern) baldness
Genetic |
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What medications may be used for androgenetic baldness?
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Minoxidil
Finasteride (Propecia) - only in males |
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What is the cause of alopecia areata?
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Unknown, but believed to be an immunologic process
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What is the treatment for alopecia areata?
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Systemic corticosteroids for severe cases
Intralesional corticosteroids (Triamcinolone, anthralin) |
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What is the most common place for a dermatofibroma to appear?
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Legs
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What is a common test for a dermatofibroma?
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"Dimple test"
when squeezed between 2 fingers, dimples inward |
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A dermatofibroma is cancerous, true or false?
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False
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What is the treatment for a dermatofibroma?
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No treatment indicated unless cosmetically disturbing to patient; in that case, use cryotherapy
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What is the term for an ingrown toenail?
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Onychocryptosis
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When should antibiotics be prescribed for onychocryptosis?
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Only if the patient has diabetes or peripheral vascular disease, or cellulitis is present.
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Florsheimer's lines or Forchheimer's sign are found where and in what condition?
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Vasculitis in palate caused by rubella
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Seborrheic dermatitis can be caused by what deficiency in infants?
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Zinc
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What yeast causes tinea versicolor?
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Pityrosporum orbiculare
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What are the three dermatophytes?
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Microsporum
Trichophyton Epidermophyton |
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What is the sign of psoriasis under the nail plate?
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Yellowish macules - the oil drop sign
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Erythema multiforme is associated with what infections?
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HSV
Mycoplasma pneumoniae URI |
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What species most commonly causes onychomycosis?
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Trichophyton rubrum
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What bacteria are most commonly responsible for cellulitis?
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S. aureus
S. pyogenes H. influenzae |
