Unit V

Front 1

Principle of Dominance

Back 1

One of the factors for a pair of inherited traits will be dominant and the other recessive

Front 2

Principle of Inheritance

Back 2

Term that refers to the three principles that have to do with heredity for acquired characteristics

Front 3

Codon

Back 3

A sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in DNA or RNA molecule

Front 4

Locus

Back 4

The specific location of a gene, DNA sequence or position on a chromosome

Front 5

Recessive

Back 5

Gene that is not dominant but only manifests when a gene of both parents is the same

(receiving blue eyes from a mom and dad with blue eyes)

Front 6

Chromosome

Back 6

Protein found in the nucleus of most living cells carrying genetic information in the form of genes

Front 7

Autosome

Back 7

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

Front 8

Natural Selection

Back 8

Process where organisms better adapt to their environment tend to survive an produce more offspring

Front 9

Gene Flow

Back 9

The transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another.

-Results of interbreeding with different organisms

Front 10

Centromere

Back 10

The point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a spindle fiber during cell division

Front 11

Incomplete Dominance

Back 11

A genetic situation in which one allele does not completely dominate other allele, and therefore results in a new phenotype

Front 12

X- linked Recessive

Back 12

A mode of inheritance in which a mutation in a gene on the X chromosome causes the phenotype to be expressed

-In males who are necessarily homozygous for the gene mutation because they only have one x chromosome

- In females who are homozygous for the gene mutation

Front 13

Homozygous

Back 13

An organism that has two copies of the same allele/trait

-AA or aa.

Front 14

Homozygous Dominant

Back 14

Two or more of the same allele in diploid organisms

Front 15

Messenger RNA

Back 15

Form of RNA in which genetic information transcribed from DNA as a sequence of bases is transferred to a ribosome

Front 16

Transfer RNA

Back 16

RNA consisting of folded molecules that transport amino acids from the cytoplasm of a cell to a ribosome

Front 17

Translation

Back 17

Process in which cellular ribosomes create proteins.

Front 18

Chromosomal Mutation

Back 18

Changes in the number of chromosomes in a cell or changes in the structure of a chromosome.

Front 19

F-1 Generation

Back 19

first filial generation produced by crossing two parental lines

First generation produced by a cross and consisting of individuals heterozygous for characters in which the parents differ and are homozygous

Front 20

P Generation

Back 20

First set of parents crossed in which their genotype is the basis of predicting the genotype of their offspring

P generation is the generation you start with, then breed to get F1

Front 21

Genotype

Back 21

Combination of alleles situated on corresponding chromosomes hat determines a specific trait

Front 22

Principle Of Segregation

Back 22

When sperm and egg unite at fertilization each contributes its allele, restoring the paired condition in the offspring.

Front 23

Principle of Independent Assortment

Back 23

Different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop.

Front 24

Gene

Back 24

DNA molecule that serves as the basic unit of heredity

Front 25

Dominant

Back 25

A trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents contribute to it

- Brown eyes(mom) Blue eyes(dad)

baby will have brown eyes

Front 26

Allele

Back 26

pairs of series of genes on a chromosome that determine the hereditary characteristics

Front 27

Homologous

Back 27

set of one maternal chromosome and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other during meiosis.

Front 28

Gametes

Back 28

Cell containing only one set of dissimilar chromosomes or half the genetic material necessary to form a complete organization

Front 29

Founder Effect

Back 29

Reduced genetic diversity that results when a population is descended from a small number of colonizing ancesters

Front 30

Bottle Neck

Back 30

When a population of a species is drastically reduced to the point where the species is still able to carry on, but the genetic diversity of the species is severely limited.

Front 31

Autosomal Dominant

Back 31

A way that a trait or disorder can be passed down through families. If a disease is autosomal dominant it means you only need to get the abnormal gene from one parent in order for you to inherit the disease

Front 32

Autosomal Recessive

Back 32

Two copies of an abnormal gene must be present in order for the disease or trait to develop

Front 33

Codominance

Back 33

Relationship between two versions of a gene.

Individuals receive one version of a gene, called an allele, from each parent. If the alleles are different, the dominant allele usually will be expressed, while the effect of the other allele, called recessive is masked

Front 34

Transcription

Back 34

Process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA(mRNA)

Front 35

Heterozygous

Back 35

Pair of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive--theyre different

Hetero= different

Front 36

Homozygous Recessive

Back 36

The trait only shows if two copies of the allele are present. If the individual has two copies of the same allele it is Homozygous Recessive

Front 37

Ribonucleic acid

Back 37

single stranded composed of repeating nucleotide units of ribose, sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous base

RNA

Front 38

Genetic Code

Back 38

Set of DNA and RNA molecules that carry genetic information in living cells

Front 39

Anticodon

Back 39

Sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in a messenger RNA

Front 40

Genetic mutation

Back 40

Permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, such that the sequence differs from what is found in most people.

Front 41

F-2 Generation

Back 41

Second filial generation consists of the offspring from allowing two of F-1 individuals to interbreed

Front 42

P, F1, F2

Back 42

After you breed two members of the P generation (parent)--their offspring is the F1 Generation. When you breed two members of the F1 generation (parents kids) their offspring is the F2 generation (grandchildren)

Front 43

Phenotype

Back 43

constellation of observable traits. phenotype= genotype+development.

Front 44

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Back 44

long macromolecule that is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic information...DNA