Unit Three: New Ideas Vocabulary

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Renaissance

Back 1

Rebirth; revival of interest in classical learning

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Humanism

Back 2

Renaissance movement focused on worldy subjects
(poetry, philosophy,human achhievement)

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Secular

Back 3

worthy matters, not religious

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Leonardo Da Vinci

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Renaissance Man;Italian with interests and talents in many disciplines.(painter,sculptor, architect, musician, engineer, and scientist).

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Michelangelo Buonarroti

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Renaissance painter known for artwork on the ceiling of Sistina Chapel in Rome

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Raphael

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Renaissance painter and architect whose painting often depicted religious themes in bright colors.

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Johannes Gutenberg

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German inventor and printer who invented moveable type

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William Shakespeare

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English dramatist and poet;Wrote Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet

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Protestant Reformation

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Religious movement in the 1500-split the Christian church

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Indulgences

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Pardons issued by the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church that could reduce a soul's time in purgatory.

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Martin Luther

Back 11

German monk; led reformation movement.

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Theocracy

Back 12

Religious rule of government

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John Calvin

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French protestant theologian of the reformation who founded Calvinism-believed in predestination.

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Predestination

Back 14

At the beginning of time God decided who would gain salvation.

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Henry VIII

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King of England who established the Church of England in 1532

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Annulled

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Void based on church law

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Elizabeth I

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Queen of England for 1558-1603; She was a supporter of the Protestants.

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Counter-Reformation

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Response of the Catholic Church to the spread of Protestantism.

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Jesuits

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Catholic Monks-Members of the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1534.

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Council of Trent

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Meeting of Church leaders in the 1500's-wanted to define Catholic doctrines for the Catholic reformation

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Caravel

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Sailing vessel that uses square and triangular sails top help the ship sail against the wind.

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Henry the Navigator

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Prince of Portugal; he directed voyages of discovery along the African coast but never went himself; a patron of exploration

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Vasco da Gama

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Portuguese navigator; he was the first European to sail around African and reach India by sea.

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Christopher Columbus

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Italian explorer, sailing for Spain, who reached the Americas in 1492 while searching for a western sea route from Europe to Asia.

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Ferdinand Magellan

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Portuguese navigator; his ships were the first to circumnavigate the globe, through he died on the journey.

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Sir Francis Drake

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English admiral he rounded the tip of South Americ and explored the west coast. He ended up heading west to return to England, thus becoming the second man to circumnavigate the globe.

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Henry Hudson

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English navigator; He sailed for the Dutch East India Company and discovered
the Hudson River in present day New York

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Encomienda

Back 28

Spanish colonial system in which a colonist was given a certain amount of land and a number of Native Americans to work the land in exchange for teaching the Native Americans Christianity

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Hernan Cortes

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Spanish conquistador; from 1519 to 1521, he defeated the Aztec Empire conquering Mexico for Spain

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Conquistador

Back 30

A Spanish soilder and explorer who led military expeditions in the America and captured the land for Spain.

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Moctezuma II

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Aztec ruler from 1502 to 1520; He was the emperor of the Aztecs when Cortes and his army conquered the empire. He was taken prisoner and killed during battle with the Spanish army

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Francisco Pizarro

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Spanish conquistador; founder of Lima, Peru. From 150 to 1533, he conquered the Inca Empire.

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Viceroy

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Officials who ruled Spain's American empire.

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Bartoime de Las Casas

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Spanish missionary and historian; he sought to protect Native Americans against Spanish mistreatment by replacing them as laborers with imported African Slaves.

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Columbian Exchange

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The tranfer of plants, animals, and disease between the Americas and Europe, Asia and Africa

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Mercantilism

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An economic system used from about the 1500s to the 1700 which held that a nation's power was directly related to its wealth.

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Plantations

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Large farms that usually specialized in the growing of one type of crop for a profit

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Triangular Trade

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Trading network lasting from the 1600s to the 1700s, that carried goods and enslaved people from Europe, the Americas, and Africa

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Middle Passage

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Name for voyages that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlanic Ocean to North America to the West Indies

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African Diaspora

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The dispersal of people of African descent throughout the Americas and Western Europe due to the slave trade