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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Plymouth Colony
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Who: separatists, Pilgrims
What: one of the first English colonial settlements Where: Massachusetts Significance: refuge for religious persecution in England; first sizeable English colony to be established in the New England region |
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Mayflower Compact
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Who: written by the colonists
What: the first governing document of the Plymouth colony Where: the Americas Significance: set up the governmental laws of the colony |
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Headright System
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Who: settlers, immigrants
What: grant of land to immigrants or to those who pay for laborers’/servants’ transportation Where: thirteen British Colonies Significance: helped expansion of British colonies and encouraged immigration |
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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1639
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Who: written by the colonists of the Connecticut Colony
What: established the government of the Connecticut River towns Where: in the Americas Significance: it had a written constitution |
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Mercantilism
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Who: European economists
What: prosperity of a nation depended on its capital supply Where: Europe, America Significance: determined country’s wealth and influenced imperialism |
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Triangular Trade
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Who: West Africa, European colonial powers, and American colonies/Caribbean
What: trade of slaves, rum/manufactured goods, and sugar/tobacco Where: Europe, Africa, America Significance: was the main way of establishing trade |
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The Great Awakening
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Who: Christians
What: Anglo-American religious revival; spiritual growth Where: United States Significance: brought national identity to Colonial America |
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Iron Act of 1750
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Who: the English colonists
What: restricted colonial manufacturing Where: in the Americas Significance: monopolized the iron industry in Britain's benefit |
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Indentured Servants
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Who: white immigrants, slaves, laborers
What: debt bondage; work for limited amount of time Where: North America; Caribbean Significance: used violence and was a source of labor for many in the British colonies |
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George Washington
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Who: George Washington
What: was a great political leader Where: in the Americas Significance: was the first president of the United States of America |
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Proclamation of 1763
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Who: British govt. (used it), settlers (were affected)
What: close off territories due to Indian tensions Where: west of Appalachians Significance: ignored by settlers who continued to encroach on this land |
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Salutary Neglect
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Who: the British and the colonists
What: a policy of neglect created by England's prime minister George Grenville Where: the Americas Significance: it left the colonies to start developing their own governments; they started becoming more independent |
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Stamp Act of 1765
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Who: the British government (imposed) and the settlers (were affected)
What: was a tax on all printed papers/documents Where: the British colonies Significance: it increased American dissent of British taxes |
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Stamp Act Congress
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Who: delegates from 9 of the 13 colonies
What: a meeting that discussed the Stamp Act Where: the Federal Hall in New York City Significance: represented the feelings of the colonists, who resented the Stamp Act |
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Sons of Liberty
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Who: American patriots, rebels against British
What: secret organization Where: Thirteen Colonies Significance: stirred resentment of Britain and American Revolution |
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Committees of Correspondence
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Who: the governments of the 13 colonies
What: an organization created to plan collective action Where: the colonies Significance: yielded different interpretation of British actions |
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Boston Massacre
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Who: British Troops, 5 civilians
What: 5 civilians killed by troops Where: Boston, Massachusetts Significance: stirred rebellion and eventually the American Revolution |
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Intolerable (Coercive) Acts 1774
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Who: the British Parliament
What: British laws stating that they had complete control over the colonies Where: the colonies Significance: outraged the colonists |
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Second Continental Congress 1775
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Who: delegates from 13 colonies
What: convention concerning the Revolution Where: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Significance: adopted Declaration of Independence |
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Northwest Ordinance
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Who: Congress
What: a document that formed the Northwest Territory Where: in the colonies (Ohio area) Significance: was the first organized territory south of Great Lakes |
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Declaration of Independence
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Who: members of Continental Congress, Jefferson
What: statement declaring that America was independent Where: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Significance: announced America's independence and separation from Britain |
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Common Sense
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Who: written by John Locke
What: it talked about the tyranny of the British and the colonists' need to fight Britain Where: in the Americas Significance: it inspired the colonists to fight for their independence |
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Shays' Rebellion
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Who: Daniel Shays, poor farmers
What: armed uprising against debt and taxes Where: Western Massachusetts Significance: reconsidered Articles of Confederation and gave more power to states |
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Implied Powers (Elastic Clause)
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Who: Congress
What: a clause in Article One of the Untied States' Constitution Where: in the colonies Significance: granted a certain amount of executive power to Congress |
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Great Compromise
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Who: large and small states
What: agreement on representation of each state Where: Philadelphia Convention Significance: Resulted in Senate and House of representatives |
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Jamestown
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Who: English colonists
What: the first colonial venture by England Where: the Americas Significance: was the first long-lasting colonial settlement in the Americas by the English |
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John Smith
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Who: John Smith
What: leader in the Jamestown colony Where: in the Americas Significance: created organization of government and labor in the colony |
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Bacon's Rebellion
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Who: the colonists; led by Nathaniel Bacon
What: an uprising in 1674 Where: in the Virginia Colony Significance: was the first rebellion in the Americans in which discontented frontiersmen took part |
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Massachusetts Bay Company
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Who: the colonists
What: was an English settlement in the Americans in the 17th century Where: on the east coast North America Significance: was the first colonial settlement established in the Americas by the Puritans; created laws and an orderly government centered around the church |
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Roger Williams
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Who: Roger Williams, an English theologian
What: an important colonial leader in the 1600s Where: in the American colonies Significance: was an advocate of religious toleration, the separation of church and state, and peaceful Native American relations |
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Anne Hutchinson
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Who: Anne Hutchinson
What: a colonial settler in the Americas in the 1600s Where: in the Massachusetts Colony Significance: was the unauthorized minister of a church discussion group; she held Bible meetings for women, which troubled the men of the colonies |
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Pequot War
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Who: the colonists and the native tribes nearby
What: an armed conflict in 1634-1638 Where: in Southern New England in the Americas Significance: the conflict eliminated the entire Pequot tribe and introduced the Native Americans to a more extreme form of war |
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Declaratory Act of 1765
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Who: created by Parliament for the colonists
What: an act that asserted Parliament's authority over the colonies "in all cases whatsoever" Where: in the Americas Significance: it convinced most of the colonists that the British were tyrants and that they needed to break away from them quickly |
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Mutiny (Quartering) Act of 1765
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Who: the colonists and the English
What: an act that required the colonists to give quarters to the British troops stationed there Where: in the Americas Significance: it angered the colonists even more and helped to push them to the brink of their patience |
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Townshend Act (Townshend Duties) of 1767
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Who: created by Charles Townshend and enforced on the colonists
What: it levied new taxes on various goods imported from England Where: in the Americas Significance: it made the colonists angry with their mother country |
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Tea Act
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Who: the British and the colonists
What: a tax established by the British on most exports shipped to the colonies Where: in the Americas Significance: it angered the colonists and provoked the Boston Tea Party |
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Boston Tea Party
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Who: the colonists and the British traders
What: an event in which colonists dressed up as Native Americans, took over the British ships in the Boston Harbor, and dumped all of Britain's tea into the harbor Where: in Boston in the Massachusetts Colony Significance: displayed the colonists' feelings of discontent with the British |
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Samuel Adams
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Who: Samuel Adams (1722-1803)
What: a statesman, political philosopher, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States Where: in the colonies Significance: was a leader of the American Revolution; was one of the contributors to the principles of American republicanism |
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King William's War (a.k.a. the French and Indian Wars)
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Who: the British and the colonists
What: a war between England, France, and their respective allies in the colonies of Canada, Acadia, and New England Where: in North America Significance: it pushed the France out of North America and left the British with France's previous lands |
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Queen Anne's War
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Who: the English, French, and their allies
What: a war fought for control of the land in North America Where: in the Americas Significance: Britain gained more land from the French |
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Peace of Utrecht
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Who: those who fought in the French and Indian Wars
What: a document comprised of a series of individual peace treaties signed in Utrecht in 1713 Where: in the Dutch city of Utrecht in the Americas Significance: helped end the War of Spanish Succession; ceded land from several of those who fought |
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War of Jenkin's Ear
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Who: Britain and Spain
What: a conflict that lasted from 1739 to 1748 Where: in the Americas Significance: the war later merged into the War of Spanish Succession |
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Paxton Boys
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Who: colonists
What: a group of young boys who demanded relief from colonial (and British) taxes and for money to help defend themselves from the Indians Where: Pennsylvania Significance: revealed the tension between the established societies of the Atlantic coast and the unstable settlements of the western frontier |
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Grenville's Program
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Who: George Grenville and the colonists
What: a series of acts and laws enacted by George Grenville, the British prime minister Where: in the colonies Significance: it left the colonists with discontent with the British government |
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Patrick Henry
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Who: Patrick Henry (1736-1799)
What: was the first post-colonial governor of Virginia and was a prominent figure in the American Revolution Where: in the colonies Significance: was the one who gave the famous "give me liberty" speech and was one of the Founding Fathers of America |
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Sons of Liberty
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Who: colonists
What: an organization of discontented colonists who terrorized those who worked for or supported Britain Where: in the colonies Significance: caused the sale of stamps in the colonies to virtually stop; riled up those who were angry with the British |
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Daughters of Liberty
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Who: colonists
What: a group of women who successfully boycotted several British goods Where: in the colonies Significance: helped the Continental Congress make the decision to boycott all British goods; enthusiastic supporters if the Patriots |
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Crispus Attucks
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Who: Crispus Attucks
What: was one of the fivve men killed during the Boston Massacre Where: in Boston, Massachusetts Significance: was probably the first black man to die in the struggle for American independence |
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John Adams
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Who: John Adams
What: was an American politician, the second president of the United States of America, and one of the Founding Fathers Where: in the colonies Significance: was a main contributor to the strength and bravery of the American Revolution |
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Carolina Regulators
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Who: colonists
What: a small-scale civil war that broke out; the Regulators were farmers who organized an opposition to the high taxes that local sheriffs collected Where: in the Carolina upcountry Significance: showed the anger and discontent with all forms of government that most colonists felt at that time |
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Battle of the Almance
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Who: the Carolina Regulators and the local government
What: was a battle on taxes and for local control Where: North Carolina Significance: was an ending to the "War of the Regulation" |
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First Continental Congress (1774)
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Who: 12 delegates
What: a meeting regarding the acts recently passed by the British Where: in Philadelphia Significance: sought to "right the wrongs" and hoped to have a voice in Parliament |
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Suffolk Resolves
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Who: leaders of Suffolk county
What: a declaration Where: Suffolk County, Massachusetts Significance: it lead to the Declaration of Independence |
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Galloway Plan
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Who: Joseph Galloway
What: a plan about forming an American Parliament that would work together with the British Parliament Where: in the colonies, in a meeting of the First Continental Congress Significance: would have kept the British empire together and given some say to the colonies |
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Lexington and Concord (April 19, 1775)
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Who: the British and the colonies
What: the battles that started the American Revolution Where: Middlesex County, Massachusetts Significance: was the first military engagements of the Revolutionary War |
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Paul Revere and William Dawes
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Who: Paul Revere and William Dawes
What: they went out on a midnight ride to warn of British movements Where: from Boston to Lexington Significance: protected the colonists from a near-future attack from the British |
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Second Continental Congress
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Who: delegates from the 13 colonies
What: a meeting after the first shootings of the American Revolution Where: in Philadelphia Significance: it yielded the Declaration of Independence |
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Slavery Clause in the Declaration of Independence
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Who: Thomas Jefferson (writer) and the slaves
What: a clause in the Declaration of Independence condemning slavery Where: in the colonies Significance: it was deleted by the other Founding Fathers because it would have ruined the economy; it supported the statement that "all men are created equal" |
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Somerset Case (in Great Britain)
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Who: James Somerset
What: a case determining whether Somerset's imprisonment in England was legal Where: Great Britain Significance: it ruled slavery in England as unlawful (but not in other parts of the British empire) |
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Quock Walker Case- Massachusetts
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Who: Quock Walter
What: a case in which Walker sued and won his freedom Where: Massachusetts Significance: is recognized for abolishing slavery |
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Benedict Arnold
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Who: Benedict Arnold
What: was a former general during the Revolutionary War Where: in the Americas Significance: betrayed America and unsuccessfully tried to surrender a fort to the British |
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Continental Army
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Who: the American Army
What: was the army formed after the American Revolutionary War Where: in the Americas Significance: fought for American independence against Britain in the war |
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Native Americans in the Revolutionary War
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Who: Native Americans
What: they fought alongside British forces against the Americans Where: in the Americas Significance: they turned the odds toward the British during the Revolution |
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Black Americans in the Revolutionary War
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Who: African Americans
What: many sided with the British in hopes of freedom, but some sided with the Americans Where: America Significance: turned odds toward the British in the war |
