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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Babylonian captivity
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Where Clement V, a fr pope, in order to avoid the anarchy then prevalent in rome took up residence in Avignon, France. A succession of popes resided in Avignon for almost 70 yrs where the Fr monarchy exersiced a considerable amount of influnce over popes-->Babylonian captivity. Avignon papacy was marked however for its considerable administrative & financial efficiency.
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Great Schism
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1377 Pope Gregory XI moved back to Rome. After his death in 1378 Italian cardinals, who feared the Roman mob, elected an Italian pope, Urban VI. Fr cardinals called Urban's election invalid & elected Clement VII in Avignon-->for next 40yrs there were 2 popes, each claiming keys to heaven. Supporters of Avignon--Fr, Scotland, Sp kindoms. Suppors of Roman pontiff--Holy Roman Empire, Eng, Portual, Italy.
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Council of Pisa
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council met in pisa in 1409 and desposed of both Fr & Roman popes while electing a new pope. But neither Fr nor Roman popes resigned-->3 popes
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Council of Constance
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1414-1418, ended Great Schism. They elected Pope Martin V, who was recognized by both factions and resided in Rome..... Also burned John Hus (as a heretic).. they wanted to reform church (didn't work) by have permanent councils but Martin V wouldn't let them
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Black death
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was irregular and unpredictable intervals. 1/2 of Eur dead. Hit harder in the cities. Because of less people wages & land went up and led to decline of serfdom & manorial system. Led to Flagelants who beat their bodies in order to please gods wrath and increased supersitituion about witches and increased persecution of Jews since not many of them died & thus blamed for the plague ('cause they were clean)
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Wat Tyler's rebellion
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1381 Eng... 'cause upper classes atempted to control wages and prices rebellions of workers broke out; especially in Flanders. He asked why some should be rich and other poor
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"jacqueries"
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nicname of peasants in Fr. its a massive rebellious insurrection of peasants. First happened in 1358
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Hundred Years War
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1337-1453. Fr king dies and Eng king is related to him so he claims the thronebut leds to war b/w Eng & Fr. Eng was winning easily till John of Arc w/ its new weapons. But lost 'cause of domestic rebellion in the unruly barons. It resulted in increased nationalism in Fr & GB
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Boniface VIII
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Pope prohibited taxation of clergy by the civil rulse. In 1302 he issued bull Unam sactum, most extreme of all assertions of papal supremacy, declared that outside Roman Church there was no salvation and that ever human was subject to Roman pontiff.
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Unam Sactum
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doctrine bull by Boniface VIII means "one holy church." only salvation is in Roman pontiff not king or anything else
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annates
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new papal taxes where clergy had to transmit to Rome most of 1st yr's income of office
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John Huss
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Spokesman for Bohemia; believed church uncessary; was trialed & killed as a heretic in Council of Constance. It became a nati movement since Hussites were both a religious party and a Czech party protesting against Ger domination. Hussite wars ravaged central Europe for decades.
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Lollards
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people that doubted the powers of the high places and though ti was curropted. were followers of Wyclife and believed that church was not the only salvation
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John Wyclif
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1380 he said curch didn't need elaborate possessions , even a church might not be necessary for salvation since u could obtain salvation by reading the bible. He translated bible to english
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Pragmatic Santion of Bourges
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1438 Gallican (Fr) chruhc affirmed supremancy of councils over popes. declared its administratives indep from the Holy See, supressed the payment annates to Rome, and formed papal intervetion appointment of fr prelates. Thus Roman pontiff lost influence in Fr
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Martin V
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new pope after 3 schism ended. He stoped the general councils in Chruch from happening
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Simony
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crime- to buy or sell a chruch office.. happened alot
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Nepotism
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to give chruch positions to family... happened alot
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"indulgences"
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where if a person convessed, absolved, & truly repentant they might , by buying indulgences, be saved from hell. This was like a fund raiser for Boniface VIII
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Quattrocento
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1400s in Italy. Renaissance Italy was purly secular attitude where people din't believe life was about going to heaven...lots of artwork.. lots of debate of moral and civic questions about what ought people do.
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Florence
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italinian citystate. wealth from sell of wool. they produced lots of smart peeps like Dante, Petrach, Boccaccio. They lost republican liberty and creative rights w/ rise of medici family
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Medici family
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rich italian family in Florence. Had banks.. stared w/ Giovanni than Cosimi de 'Medici then Lorenxo the Magnificent.
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Virtu
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a man which displayed skills in art, war, or statecraft. knew what he was doing. made best of opportunites. was cunning. Individual.
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condottier
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guy who controls lots of mercenaries
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Petrach
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first man among letters. first to use vernacular language as a medium to convey wmoods. showed moral philosopyy and wisdom in literature. he wrote to laura
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Leonardo da vinci
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In his painting last supper christ and disciples r seen as group of ment each w/ its characterestics
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Popolo grasso
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"gat peope" were the elite (includes nobles, wealthy merchangts, and manufactors)
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Mediocri
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were the middling sort (incluedes smaller merchants and master artisans)
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popolo minuti
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little people. the working urban population. labors
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Tuscan
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emerged as the must-know language. "courtly language" used by an increasing number of educated italians byond tuscany. It was florency city's language
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Grandi
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r wealth merchants. Governed Florence w/ support of merchants, lawyers and craftsmen of more modest means. organized into 7 major guilds. Guileds elected 9 members of govt, which looked out for city. mostly merchants and manufacterers
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Signoria
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9 member council elected by guilds. proposed laws, conducted foreign affairs
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Pazzi Conspiracy
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Som e nobles opposed the Medici family (1449-1492) Cosimo's grandson survived the assasination atempt during mass in the cathedral. Severl hrs later 4 peeps were hung at govt building (including archbishop of Pisa) Renaissance culture and the often violent patrical world of the citiystates happened here.
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Council of Seventy
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elected commites that assigned responsiblity for domestic and foreign affiars, helped Medici control the Florentine Republic better
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Humanism
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cultural and intellectual movement of the Ren. that emphasized secular concers as a result of rediscovery and study of literature, art, and civilization of ancient Greece and Rome
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Raphael
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his madonnas (pics of Mary) seemed to be young italian women
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Michelangelo
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his pics showed the attributes of humaniy invate heaven itself.
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Humane letters
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or Humanism... lots of rising number in letters
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Florentine
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writers used mode of speech in Florence. Dante wrote in it Divine comedy. now writers wrote in Florentine or Tuscan standard mode form of modern Italian. It was first time that vernacular, common spoken tongue used as opposed to Latin
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Boccaccio
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wrote the Decameron in Italian. its a series of tales designed to both entertain and impact a certain wisdom about human character and behavior
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Bruni
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showed new sense of needs in authentic sources. He helped est modern methods of assessing truth of written texts and contributed to humanist optimism and the range and utility of human knowlege. sponsered not only knowlege but persuasion.
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Castiglione and The Courtier
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book the courtier tells about manners
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Christine de Pisan
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She wrote on how women could contribute to debates of European intellectual life.
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"pagan" humanism
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North Rennaissance peeps viewed humanism as pagan
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Regiomontanus
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Latin name of Johann Muller, he laid foundations for mathematical conception of the universe. most influential scientific worker
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Copernicus
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latin name of Niklas Koppernigk. believed earth moved around sun. was Ger
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Meister Eckhart
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popular mystics
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Thomas a Kempis
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aurhor of "the imitation of Christ" is a popular mystic
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Sisters and Brothers of the Common Life
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founded by lay preacher Gerard Groot. Were normal christains traveling around while relieving the poor and teaching. They created schools that were first to organize seperate classes according to childs age and level. was in Ger
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Imitation of Christ
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By thomas a kempis. a ger
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Praise of Folly
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By Erasmus. book where he rediculed all worldy claims and ambitions, mostly of the clergy
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Handbook of a Christian Knight
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Book showed how a man could take part in affairs of the world while remaining a christion. by Erasmus
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Erasmian Virtues
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Mildness, resonableness, tolerance, restraint, good manners, scholarly understanding. love of peace, a critical and reforming passion , which nobody hating nobody worked to persuade others thu a controlling tone rather than shouting and bad tember.
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Concordat of Bologna
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agreement b/w fr I and Pope Leo X that pope will recieve all income from Fr church in exchange for Fr king to appoint bishiops and abbots. Fr owned their nati clergy and thats why they didn't turn Protestant
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Inquisition
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Church court whose officials had equal authority and access to all kingdoms (sp)
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Ferdinant and Isabella
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Sp rulers whose marage brought union to Aragon and Castile.. thus creating Spain. But it was really Inquistion that brought Sp together
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Conquest of Granada
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"reconquista" against moors finally ended in 1492 w/ conquering Granada, Sp (Southern tip)
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Moriscos and Morranos
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Inquistion created a fear of flase christian peeps hostile to Spanish life. Thus moors and Jews were expelled and an inquisition against hidden heretics was formed
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Maximilian I
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he progressed the centralization of Empire by dividing Empire into administrative circles creating an Imperial chamber and council. but all failed 'cause of State's rights. He grought $ and land to family w/ his policial marriages..
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Charls V of HRE or Charles I of Spain
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most powerful ruler of his day 'cause of his vast inheritance. in 1519 was elected Holy Roman Emperor. He became symbolic head of Germany
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