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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the intracellular location of the electron transport chain?
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Inner mitochonrdrial membrane
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Define oxidation, reduction
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Oxidation = Lose electrons
Reduction = Gain electrons |
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What is meant by a half reaction or redox couple?
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Pair of substances, one oxidant (GE) and one reductant (LE)
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Give the equations for the half and full reactions involving the redox couple
Pyruvate/ Lactate NAD+/NADH |
Pyr + 2e- + 2H+ -> lactate
NAD+ + H- + H+ -> NADH + H+ |
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Define the standard reduction potentials Eo and Eo'
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Eo = Voltage generated when redox couple is in equilibrium with another couple in standard state (1M)
Eo'= Reduction potentials at pH = 7 |
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Compute Delta Eo' from the redox potentials for Pyruvate/lactate = -0.19
NAD+/NADH = -0.32. How can you tell from Eo' values whether a redox couple will oxidize or reduce another couple? |
Negative to positive electrons flow
DeltaEo' = Eo'ox - Eo'red More negative is reductant -0.19 - (-0.32) = +0.32 |
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What is the relationship between DeltaGo' and DeltaEo'?
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Delta Go' = -nFDeltaEo'
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Where in the cell do oxidative phophorylation and substrate level phosphorylation to produce ATP occur? Which produces more ATP?
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oxidative = major manner of producing ATP (inner mitochondrial membrane and matrix)
substrate = minor ATP formation from TCA cycle, occurs in matrix and cytoplasm |
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How many ATPs are formed from NADH+ + H+ and FADH?
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NADH = 2.5
FADH2 = 1.5 |
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Name an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. How does it act? What is its effect on respiration and formation of ATP?
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2,4 Dinitrophenol, Dicumarol, Fatty acids, Uncoupling Protein
Acts by allowing H+ to flow back into matrix w/o producing ATP. Respiration increases and ATP formation decreases. |
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Which lipid soluble compound accepts hydrogens from FADH2? What is unique about it?
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Coenzyme Q, is a link btw I, II and III.
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What roles do cytochromes play in respiration? Name the cytochrome complex which reacts with oxygen.
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Cytochromes are electron carriers. Cytochrome oxidase reacts with oxygen.
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What are the four complexes of the electron transport chain? Which are proton pumps?
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Components:
1)NADH dehydrogenase 2)Succinate dehydrogenase 3)Cytochromes b and c1 4)Cytochrome aa3 I, III, IV pump H+ |
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What role does ADP play in the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation?
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Exerts resiratory control (utilization of O2)
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Describe the essential features of the chemiosmotic hypothesis? How does it explain 'uncoupling'and the formation of ATP?
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Electrons flow from high to low energy level. Form a proton gradient which then can be used to produce ATP or heat via uncoupling.
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Name the enzyme (also known as complex V) that synthesizes ATP in the electron transport chain.
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ATP synthase
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How does oligomycin affect the generation of ATP in mitochondria?
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Inhibits ATP synthase
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Name an inhibitor of ADP/ATP exchange?
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Atractylocide- Inhibits the carrier which allows passage from mitochondria to cytoplasm
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