Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Kellogg-Briand Pact
|
ammendment to the League of Nations; Germany and Japan didn't sign. 1928 renounces war as the instrument of national policy
|
|
Maginot Line
|
doesn't work b/c turrets don't turn 360; Germany goes through the forest and comes up behind the wall; built by France to protect its border from Germany
|
|
Marie Curie
|
found that atoms of cetain elements spontaneously release charged particles, radioactivity; female scientist
|
|
Black Shirts
|
organized by Mussolini and broke up socialist rallies, smashed leftist presses, and attacked farmer's cooperatives; made Italy a totalitarian state
|
|
Il Duce
|
the name Mussolini takes that means "The Leader"
|
|
Ruhr Valley
|
occupied by France when Germany fell behind in reparations payments; basically Alsace-Lorraine; caused huge inflation
|
|
Dawes Plan
|
France withdrew forces from Ruhr; reduced reparations payment
|
|
Mein Kampf
|
"My Struggle" by Hitler in prison for being drunk in public; basic book of Nazi goals and ideaology
|
|
Third Reich
|
Hitler boasted the Third Reich would dominate Europe for 1,000 years
|
|
Gestapo
|
Hitler's secret police
|
|
Nuremberg Laws
|
1935; placed restrictions on Jews, like attending or teaching German universities; holding gov't jobs, doctors, or lawyers; publishing books; and prohibited from marrying Non Jews
|
|
Kristallnacht
|
Nov 9 & 10; "Night of Broken Glass"; Nazis attacked Jewish stores and synagogues and beat Jews up
|
|
chancellor
|
prime minister
|
|
repudiate
|
reject
|
|
concentration camp
|
detention centers for civilians considered enemies of the state
|
|
Haile Selassie
|
Ethiopian king during the Italian invasion under Mussolini; turned to League of Nations for help; Italy conquered Ethiopia because League of Nations could not enforce the sanctions it put against Italy
|
|
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis
|
Germany, Italy, and Japan joined together to fight Soviet communism and not to interfere with each other's plans for expansion
|
|
Guernica
|
Germany launched an "experiment" onto this Spanish market town to see what their new plans could do; killed thousands of innocent people
|
|
Munich Conference
|
1938; British and French leaders chose appeasement and gave Sudetenland to Germany; he later took over all of Czechoslovakia
|
|
Neville Chamberlain
|
the British prime minister before Churchill who was present at the Munich Conference and thought appeasement would bring peace
|
|
Nazi-Soviet Pact
|
August 1939; a nonaggression pact between Hitler and Stalin; bound both to peaceful relations; also nto to fight if the other went to war and to divide up Poland and other parts of Eastern Europe
|
|
sanction
|
penalties
|
|
appeasement
|
giving in to the demands of an aggressor to keep the peace
|
|
pacifism
|
opposition to all war
|
|
Anschluss
|
a union of Austria and Germany; wanted by HItler in 1938
|
|
"phony war"
|
1939; French had troops on the Maginot Line ready for war; British troops went to wait too
|
|
Dunkirk
|
Britian saved their troops using boats from the shores of Dunkirk and Ostend despite German air attacks.
|
|
Winston Churchill
|
succeeder of Chamberlain, Churchill was one of the only voices against the Nazis; angered Hitler enough for him to start the London Blitz
|
|
Battle of Britian (The London Blitz)
|
Operation Sea Lion; began on August 12, 1940 when Germany bombed England's southern coast every day; after a month, Germany turned from military targets and on to the cities; they bombed London for 57 nights straight starting September 7
|
|
Operation Barbarossa
|
June 1941; Germany's conquest of Russia that failed miserably at the battles of Stalingrad and Leningrad
|
|
Lend-Lease Act
|
early 1941 by FDR; allowed him to sell or lend war materials to "any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States."
|
|
Pearl Harbor
|
December 7 1941; General Tojo (Japan) attacked Hawaiian port Pearl Harbor
|
|
blitzkrieg
|
lightning war
|
|
radar
|
device used to detect the flight of airplanes
|
|
sonar
|
device used to detect the path of submarines
|
|
Holocaust
|
the mass slaughtering of Jews, Slavs, gypsies, and the mentally ill in Nazi Germany becasue they were "inferior" to everyone else
|
|
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
|
created by Japan; said that they wanted to help Asians escape western colonial rule; really, they wanted to have a Japanese empire in Asia
|
|
Battle of el Alamein
|
British General Bernard Montgomery stopped Rommel's advance; turned on Desert Fox and drove Axis forces back across Libya into Tunisia
|
|
Battle of Stalingrad
|
one of the costliest of the war; Hitler wanted to capture Stalin's capital city; Germans surrounded the city, then the Russians surrounded them; winter came and soldiers fought for houses; Germans finally surrendered in early 1943 after two year struggle; battle cost Germans 300,000 in killed, wounded, or captured soldiers
|
|
D-Day
|
US soldiers invade Normandy, France on June 6, 1944; France and Paris eventually freed in about a month
|
|
genocide
|
the destruction of an entire race by killing them
|
|
collaborator
|
person who cooperates with an enemy
|
|
reparations
|
payment for war damges or damages caused by imprisonment
|
|
Battle of the Coral Sea
|
Pacific battle where the Japanese started to lose the battles of the Pacific; the US warships and airplanes severly damaged two Japanese fleets during May and June 1942; greatly weaked Japanese navel power and stopped their advance
|
|
Battle of the Bulge
|
Hitler's last success; Allies went into Belgium in December 1944 and Germany launched counterattack; lasted more than a month; both side took huge losses; Germany unable to break through
|
|
V-E Day
|
May 8 1945; the war in Europe ended officially a day after Germany surrendered
|
|
Harry Truman
|
after FDR; realized atomic bomb was terrible new force for destruction but decided to sue it against Japan; issued a warning for Japan with other Allies at Potsdam, Germany; told Japan to surrender or face "utter and complete destruction"
|
|
island hopping
|
method used by Allies to recapture some Japanese held islands in the Pacific while bypassing others; captured islands served as stepping stones to the next one
|
|
kamikaze
|
pilots who undertook suicide missions
|
|
The first atomic bomb
|
dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945; called Little Boy, it was a uranium bomb; killed 70,000 and injured 70,000; Paul Tibbits dropped it from the Enola Gay, a B29 plane
|
|
The second atomic bomb
|
Fat Man, dropped on August 9, 1945 at 11:02 AM on Nagasaki; it was supposed to be Kokrua but it was too overcast so they went to Nagasaki; it's plutonium; a B29 plane used again; 40,000 killed, 40,000 wounded
|