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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Function of the Skin |
protection, prevents penetration, perception, temp regulation, ID, communication, wound repair, absorption, production of vitamin D |
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Thinnest Skin |
eyelids |
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Thickest Skin |
Palms/Soles |
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Age related - skin |
skin is thinnest at birth, and increased until 4th or 5th decade, then begins to decline in thickness |
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Hair |
an appendage of the skin |
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Hair functions |
protects various body areas from debris/invasion, provides insulation |
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Nails |
composed of harder keratin |
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Apocrine Gland |
located in the axilla, genital area |
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Eccrine Gland |
widely distributed over the body |
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Sebaceous Gland |
secrete sebum |
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Subjective Data - skin |
personal/family history, change in pigmentation, change in any moles, excessive dryness or moisture, bruising, rash, medication, hair loss, environmental hazards, self care behaviours |
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ABCDE - A |
asymmetry |
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ABCDE - B |
border |
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ABCDE - C |
colour |
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ABCDE - D |
diameter |
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ABCDE - E |
elevation/enlargement |
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Objective Data - skin |
colour, temp, moisture, texture, thickness, edema, mobility, turgor, lesions |
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Color - skin |
ton, freckles, moles, birthmarks |
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Basal Cell Carcinoma |
most common type of skin cancer and least deadly
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
starts out thin, scaly, erythematous plaque, then firm nodules with scaling and ulceration |
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Actinic Keratosis |
premalignant form of squamous cell carcinoma, most common of all precancerous lesions |
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Malignant Melanoma |
most deadly skin cancer with rising incidence |
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Superficial Spreading Melanoma |
most common, curable type. Occurs on sun exposed areas |
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Lentigo Maligna Melanoma |
lentignes are precursor lesion that increase in size over time |
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Acral lentiginous melanoma |
appears on soles, palms, mucous, membranes and phalanges |
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Nodular melanoma |
occurs more often in men and can be anywhere on the body |
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Dysplastic Nevi |
abnormal nevus pattern that places a person at increased risk of melanoma |
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Pigmentation Changes - jaundice |
increased bilirubin as a result of liver inflammation or hemolytic disease |
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Pigmentation Changes - cyanosis |
unoxygenated hemoglobin, chronic heart/lung, peripheral exposure to cold |
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Pigmentation Changes - erythema |
increased blood flow through engorged arterioles, such as in inflammation, fever, alcohol intake, blushing, polycythemia, increased RBC |
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Pigmentation Changes - pallor |
anemia, shock, local arterial insufficiency, albinism, vitiligo - patchy white spots |
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Pigmentation Changes - brown |
addisons disease |
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Dorsal Surface - use |
to assess for temperature |
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Palmar surface - use |
fingers and hands to assess for moisture |
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Edema, 1+ |
mild pitting, no perceptible swelling |
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Edema, 2+ |
moderate, indentation subsides rapidly |
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Edema, 3+ |
deep pitting, indent remains for a short time |
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Edema, 3+ |
very deep pitting, indentation lasts for a long time |
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Mobility |
the skins ease of rising |
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Turgor |
the skins ability to return to place |
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Annular - lesion |
circular lesions that begin in the centre and spread to periphery |
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Confluent - lesion |
lesions that run together |
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Discrete - Lesion |
distinct individual lesions |
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Grouped - lesion |
clusters of lesions |
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gyrate - lesion |
twisted, coiled, spiral or snakelike lesion |
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iris/target - lesion |
lesions that resemble the iris of the eye |
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linear - lesions |
take form of a scratch, streak, line or stripe |
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polycyclic - lesion |
annular (circular) lesions that grow together |
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zosteriform - lesion |
lesions that take a linear arrangement along a nerve route (herpes zoster) |
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Macule - PSL |
solely a colour change, flat, and circumscribed – less than 1 cm (e.g. freckle, flat nevus, petechial, measles, scarlet |
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Papule - PSL |
something you can palpate (i.e. solid, elevated circumscribed lesion less than 1 cm in diameter) Examples include elevate nevus (mole), lichen planus, molluscum, wart (verruca) |
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Patch - PSL |
Macule larger than 1 cm. Examples: Mongolian spot, vitiligo, café-au-lait spot, chloasma, measles rash |
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Plaque - PSL |
papules coalesce wider than 1 cm to form a plateaulike, disc-shaped lesion. Examples: psoriasis, lichen planus |
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Nodule - PSL |
Solid, elevated, hard or soft lesion larger than 1 cm; may extend deeper into dermis than papule. Examples: fibroma, intradermal nevus |
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Wheal - PSL |
Superficial, raised, transient, and erythematous lesion; has a slightly irregular shape due to edema (fluid held diffusely in tissues) Examples: mosquito bite, allergic reaction, |
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Tumour - PSL |
Lesion larger than a few centimeters in diameter, firm or soft, deeper into dermis, may be benign or malignant. Examples: lipoma, hemangioma |
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Urticaria - PSL |
Wheal coalesce to form extensive reaction, intensely pruritic |
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Vesicle - PSL |
Elevated cavity containing free fluid, up to 1 cm. Examples herpes simplex, early varicella (chicken pox) herpes zoster (shingles), contact dermatitis |
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Pustule - PSL |
turbid fluid (pus) in the cavity; circumscribed and elevated. Examples: impetigo, acne |
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Bulla - PSL |
Larger than 1 cm in diameter; usually single chambered (unilocular); superficial in dermis. Examples: friction blister, burns, contact dermatitis |
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Cyst - PSL |
Encapsulate, fluid-filled cavity in dermis or subcutaneous layer than tensely elevates the skin. Examples: sebaceous cyst, wen |
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Crust - SSL |
Thickened , dried out exudate left when vesicles or pustules burst or dry out. Colour can range from honey, red-brown, or yellow, depending on the fluid’s ingredients (blood, serum, pus). examples: impetigo, scab following abrasion |
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Scale - SSL |
compact, dessicated flakes of skin, dry or greasy, silvery, or white, from shedding of dead excess keratin cells. Examples: psoriasis, dermatitis, eczema |
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Fissure - SSL |
linear crack with abrupt edges extending into dermis. Examples: cheilosis at corners of mouth due to excess moisture; athlete’s foot |
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Erosion - SSL |
Scooped out but shallow depression. Superficial lesion, epidermis is lost, and the lesion is moist but there is no bleeding. Heals without scar formation because erosion does not extend into dermis. |
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Ulcer - SSL |
deeper depression, extending into dermis, irregularly shaped. May bleed and leaves a scar when heals. Example: stasis ulcer, pressure sore. |
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Exoriation - SSL |
self-inflicted abrasion from scratching. |
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Scar - SSL |
after a skin lesion is repaired normal tissue is lost and replaced with connective tissue (collagen). This is a permanent fibrotic change. Examples: healed areas of surgery or injury, acne |
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Atrophic Scar - SSL |
resulting skin level depressed with loss of tissue, a thinning of the epidermis. Example: striae |
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Lichenification - SSL |
prolonged intense scratching eventually thickens the skin and produces tightly packed sets of papules |
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Keloid - SSL |
hypertrophic scar |
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Benign Skin Conditions - acne vulgaris |
inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous gland |
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Benign Skin Conditions - nevi |
hyperpigented areas that very in form and color |
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Benign Skin Conditions - psoriasis |
autoimmune chronic dermatitis involving excessively rapid turnover of epidermal cells |
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Benign Skins Conditions - seborrheic keratoses |
superficial lesion, usually acquired later in life |
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benign skin conditions - achrocordons |
common after mid-life, appearance on neck, axillae, and upper trunk secondary to mechanical friction or obsesity |
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Benign Skins Conditions - lipoma |
benign tumour of adipose tissue, often encapsulated |
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vitiligo |
complete loss of pigment in the skin |
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Benign Skins Conditions - lentigo |
'liver spots' |
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vascular skin lesions - hemangiomas |
caused by a benign proliferation of blood vessels in the dermis |
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vascular skin lesions - telangiectases |
caused by vascular dilation |
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vascular lesions - purpuric |
caused by blood flowing out of breaks in vessels |
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vascular lesions - rosacea |
occuring in patches of variable size and shape |
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Stage one - ulcer |
intact skin, non blanachable redness |
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stage 2 - ulcer |
partial-thickness loss of dermis, shallow/open ulcer |
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stage 3 - ulcer
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full-thickness loss of tissue, may include tunneling |
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stage 4 - ulcer |
full thickness loss of tissu |
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unstageable ulcer |
wound is covered in slough (yellow/black/green) |
