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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Floating Ribs |
Ribs 11 and 12 |
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How many ribs are there |
12 |
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Landmarks for left lungs |
two (LUL, LLL) |
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Landmarks for right lungs |
three (RUL, RLL, RML) |
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Trachea |
anterior to the esophagus, 10-11 cm long |
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Trachea and Bronchi |
transport gas between the env and the lungs |
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Alveoli |
gas exchange occurs |
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Resp Assessment - Sub. Data |
cough, SOB, chest pain with breathing, PMHX, smoking history |
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Orthopnea |
difficulty breathing while supine |
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Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea |
awakening from sleep with SOB and needing to sit upright |
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Thoracic Cage |
anteroposterior diameter is less than the transverse diameter |
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Fremitus |
will vary between people, so symmetry is the most important factor - the vibrations should feel the same on both sides |
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Tactile Fremitus - test |
'ninety-nine' or 'blue moon' = strong vibrations |
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Decreased Fremitus |
something obstructs the transmission |
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Increased Fremitus |
with compression or consolidation of the tissue |
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Resp. Assessment - Percussion - should hear |
low pitched, clear, hollow sods. |
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Resp. Assessment - Percussion - abnormal, hyperresonance |
lower-pitched, booming sound - when too mudh air is present |
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Resp. Assessment - Percussion - abnormal, dull |
soft, muffled thud - abnormal density i nthe lungs |
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Resp. Assessment - Auscultation - Bronchial |
high pitched, loud, harsh heard over the trachea short inspiration, long expiration |
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Resp. Assessment - Auscultation - Bronchovesicular |
moderate pitch, inspiration and expiration equal length - heard over bronchi |
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Resp. Assessment - Auscultation - vesicular |
low pitched, soft, long inspiration/short expiration, heard over lung fields |
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Decreased or Absent Breath Sounds |
obstruction, decreased force of inspired air and hyper inflated lungs |
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Esphysema |
decreased force of inspired air and hyper inflated lungs |
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Increased Breath sounds |
sounds are louder in a specific location than they should |
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Bronchophony |
ask the person to repeat the word 'ninety-nine' as you listen on the chest wall |
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Whispered Pectoriloguy |
ask the person to whisper 'one-two-three' as you listen on the chest wall |
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Egophony |
ask the person to repeat the sound 'ee-ee-ee-ee' as you listen on the chest wall |
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Adventitious Sounds |
added sounds, not normally heard |
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Fine crackles |
high pitched, short crackling, popping sounds not heard with coughing |
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Fine Crackles - present in |
CHF, pneumonia, COPD |
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Coarse Crackles |
loud, low pitched, bubbling sound |
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Coarse Crackles - present in |
pulmonary edema, pneaumonia, CHF |
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Wheeze |
high-pitched, musical sound |
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Wheeze - present in |
asthma, emphysema, bronchitis |
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Stridor |
high pitched, loud over neck |
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Stridor - present in |
croup, obstruction |
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Pleural Friction Rub |
coarse, low pitched, rubbing together, painful |
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Pleural friction rub - present in |
pleauritis |
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Sleep apnea |
upper airway obstruction occurring during sleep |
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Asthma |
youthful onset of episodic, reversible |
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COPD |
tobacco related progressive non-reversible |
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Sleep Apnea - assessment |
sleep lab |
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Sleep apnea - treatment, mild |
lifestyle changes |
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Mandibular Advancement Device |
forces lower jaw forward |
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CPAP |
continous positive airway pressure |
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CPAP - what is |
splints airway open, compliance is often poor - needs to be worn every night |
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Chronic Bronchitis - diag. |
excessive production oof mucous in the bronchi and chronic, productive cough lasting at least 3 months |
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Chronic Bronchitis - pathology |
results in chronic inflammation |
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Emphysema |
abnormal permanent enlargement of air spaces, accompanied by the destruction of alveolar walls |
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Emphysema - result |
impaired gas exchange, causing breathlessness |
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Hypoxia |
deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues |
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ABGs |
provide valuable information about the patients acid-base and oxygenation status |
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Pa02 |
represents the partial pressure of oxygen dissolved in arterial blood |
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Sp02 |
refers to the percent of oxygen bound to hemoglobin as measured by pulse oximetry |
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Hemoglobin |
major component of RBCs, major carried of oxygen in the blood |
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Cor Pulmonale |
pulmonary hypertension, right cardiac hypertrophy |
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COPD (comps) Cor Pulmonale - S&S |
edema, increased JVP |
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COPD (comps) - Depression/Anxiety |
rates of depression range from 20-50% of people with COPD |
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COPD (comps) - Depression/Anxiety, dyspnea |
dyspnea causes anxiety |
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COPD (comps) - Weight Loss |
hyper metabolic state due to increased work of breathing and increased energy requirement |
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COPD (comps) - Acute Exacerbation |
sustained worsening of dyspnea, cough or sputum production |
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FVC |
forced vital capacity, amount of air that can be quickly and forcefully exhaled after maximum inspiration |
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FEV1 |
amount of air exhaled in 1st second FVC, valuable clue to severity of airway obstruction |
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Oxygen Therapy |
used to achieve an O2 saturation of 90% or higher |
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Hypoexmia |
during an exacerbation (abnormally low levels of oxygen in arterial blood) |
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Hypoxia |
blood is not sipping enough oxygen to the body |
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Airway Clearance Methods - bronchial hygiene therapy |
facilitate removal of secretions, improve gas exchange |
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Airway Clearance Methods - pursed lip breathing |
prolong exhalation, asset with dyspnea |
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Nutrition |
weight loss and malnutrition common among those with COPD |
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Asthma |
inflmmatory disorder of the airways, causes obstruction of the airway |
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Asthma - early phrase response |
trigger causes mast cells to become activated, causes brochospasm, peeks 30-60 minutes |
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Asthma - late phrase response |
peeks 5-12 hours after trigger and last hours to days, mostly inflammation, increased airway reactivity |
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