Unit 8 Document And Voice Analysis

Front 1

Questioned Document

Back 1

document in question

Front 2

Known Document/exemplar

Back 2

document from a known source

Front 3

Variations in writing characteristics

Back 3

angulrity
slope
pressure
letter and word spacing
dimensions of letters
pen movement
dexterity
speed
writing skill

Front 4

Physical factors

Back 4

Arrangement of paper
Margins
Spelling
Punctuation
Grammer
Insertions
Alignment
Crowding

Front 5

Difficulty in analysis of handwriting

Back 5

insuficient number of known writings to compare with;
?'d document contains only a few words deliberately written in a way which one is unable to translate;
under influence of drugs/alcohol

Front 6

Collection practices for handwriting exemplars

Back 6

1) adequate # of samples to show examiner the range of natural variations
2) samples from time period
3) text should be simple to that in ?'d document
4) dont give direction when to capitolize/lower case
5) no less than a page test
6) dictate 3 times
7) signature samples should have written text
8) examiner should review ?'d document b4 obtaining exemplars

Front 7

Minimize conscious writing efforts by..

Back 7

1) suspect comfortable
2)dont show ?'d document
3)dont give instructions about how to spell/punctuate
4)pin and paper similar to those used in ?'d

Front 8

Typewriter

Back 8

uses ribbon, has a hammer that that leaves ink on paper

Front 9

2 most popular type faces

Back 9

PICA-10 letters per inch
ELITE-12 letters per inch

Front 10

Mechanical Variation

Back 10

allows for individualization (wear and tear)
1) Vertical, horizontal,perpendicular alignment
2) defects in typeface

Front 11

Exemplars for a typewriter

Back 11

collect suspect typewriter
1) one copy, word for word, of ?'d text
2) type samples of the ?'d in light, medium, and heavy
3) type w/o ribbon using carbon paper to show flaws
4) collect previous typed documents from same time period

Front 12

Daisy Wheel

Back 12

disk of plastic that contains letters along the edge; disk rotates to the letter, hammer hits the letter and leaves ink impression

Front 13

Dot Matrix

Back 13

movable print heads w/ pins or wires that shoot and strike the ribbon placing a dot on the paper w/ hundreds of dots formig images or text

Front 14

Ink Jet

Back 14

forms letters and images on the paper by spraying small streams of quick drying ink.

Front 15

Laser

Back 15

laser technology to print images on the paper

Front 16

Mechanical erasure

Back 16

rubber, sandpaper, razorblade/knife--disturbs fibers

Front 17

Chemical erasure

Back 17

using chemicals to cange print. discolors paper. UV and IR light reveal this

Front 18

Examine paper by?

Back 18

microscopy-direct/oblique lighting
Infrared light
Digitizing

Front 19

Indented Writing

Back 19

pressure applied when writing
crayon or pencil is used to rub over it

Front 20

Ink Variations

Back 20

use chromatography to compareink samples

Front 21

Sound Spectograph

Back 21

converts sound into visual display-voiceprint

Front 22

3 parameters of speech

Back 22

time, volume, frequency

Front 23

Obtain _____ of suspct to ____ against known _______________

Back 23

recording, compare, sound spectograph

Front 24

Aural Analysis

Back 24

listening to voice on tape to compare single sounds and series of sounds for similarities and discrepancies; listens for breath patterns, inflections, unusual speech habits & accents

Front 25

Visual Analysis

Back 25

Reading the voiceprints to compare their appearances

Front 26

Line Quality

Back 26

do the letters flow or are they written w/ intent stroke

Front 27

Spacing of words and letters

Back 27

avg space b/w words and letters

Front 28

Ratio of heigt/width/size of letters

Back 28

are the letters consistent in size etc

Front 29

Lifting pen

Back 29

is the pen lifted when a new word begins/ends

Front 30

Connecting strokes

Back 30

how are capitol letters connected to lower case letters

Front 31

Strokes to begin and end

Back 31

where does the letter begin and end on a page

Front 32

unusual letter formation

Back 32

are any letters written w/ unusual slants/angles? are some cursiv and some print

Front 33

Pen pressure

Back 33

how much pen pressure is applied on up/down strokes

Front 34

Slant

Back 34

do the slant to left/righ

Front 35

Baseline Habits

Back 35

does the author write on the line or go above/below line

Front 36

Fancy writing habits

Back 36

unusual curls, loops, unique style

Front 37

placement of diacritics

Back 37

how does the author cross the t's and dot the i's

Front 38

Variations in mechanical, physical, and mental functions make it (likely/unlikely) that the writing of 2 different individuals can be distinguished

Back 38

likely

Front 39

A single handwriting characteristic can by itself be taken as a basis for a positive comparison

Back 39

false

Front 40

Normally, known writings need not contain words and combinations of letters present in the ?'d document

Back 40

false

Front 41

As the age difference b/w genuine and unknown specimens becomes greater, the standard has a tendency to become ___ representative of the unknown

Back 41

less

Front 42

Many ink dyes can be seperated by the technique of thin layer ___________

Back 42

chromatography

Front 43

Presently, voices analyzed by the sound spectograph have been widely accepted as evidence in US courts

Back 43

true

Front 44

Critical of the examination of ?'ds is the:

Back 44

knowledge&understanding of the part of the document examiner of the current scientific formula to apply to the examination

Front 45

A nondestructive approah to comparing ink lines is accomplished w/

Back 45

a visible mircospectrophotemeter

Front 46

the age difference b/w genuine and unknown specimens is not an important factor in handwriting compariosn

Back 46

false

Front 47

a single handwriting characteristic can by itself be taken as a basis for a postive comparison

Back 47

false

Front 48

Random wear and damages to a printer impart it w/ class characteristics

Back 48

false

Front 49

A TTI, transmitting terminal identifier, is a header at the top of each page of a fax document

Back 49

true