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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reaction Rate |
The speed at which reactants are converted into products in a chemical reaction |
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Collision Theory |
In order for a chemical reaction/ effective collision to occur, particles must collide with proper energy and proper alignment |
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Reaction Mechanism |
The specific set of steps/reactions involved in an overall chemical reaction |
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Nature of Reactants |
Reactions involving ionic substances tend to have faster rates than reactions involving covalent substances |
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Concentration |
An increase in concentration of reactants will increase the rate of a chemical reaction |
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Surface Area |
An increase in the surface area of reactants will increase the rate of a chemical reaction |
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Pressure |
An increase in pressure will increase the rate of a chemical reaction (only for reactions involving GASES!) |
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Catalyst |
A substance that is neither a reactant nor a product, but functions to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering activation energy/providing a shorter or "alternate" pathway |
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Temperature |
An increase in temperature will increase the rate of a chemical reaction |
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Equilibrium |
When two opposing processes are occurring at equal rates |
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Physical Equilibrium |
When two opposing physical processes are occurring at equal rates; ex: phase equilibrium, solution equilibrium (saturation) |
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Phase Equilibrium |
When the processes of freezing and melting or evaporating and condensing are occurring at equal rates |
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Solution Equilibrium |
When the process of dissolving and precipitating are occurring at equal rates; when a solution has reached its saturation point |
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Chemical Equilibrium |
In a chemical reaction, when the forward and reverse reactions are occurring at equal rates |
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Le Chatelier's Principle |
Predicts that when a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system will shift to relieve the stress (stresses include temperature, pressure, concentration) |
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Enthalpy |
The heat energy absorbed or released during a chemical reaction |
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Entropy |
A measure of the randomness or chaos associated with a chemical reaction |
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Potential Energy Diagrams |
Used to illustrate the energy lost or gained (the reaction pathway) for a given chemical reaction |
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Endothermic Reactions |
Chemical reactions that consume or require energy; chemical reactions in which energy is a reactant |
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Exothermic Reactions |
Chemical reactions that produce or release energy; chemical reactions in which energy is lost as a product |
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Activated Complex |
An intermediate structure formed in the conversion of reactants to products. The activated complex is the structure at the maximum energy point along the reaction path |
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Activation Energy |
The minimum energy required to convert reactants into products; the difference between the energies of the activated complex and the reactants |
