Unit 7 - 1 Pathology

Front 1

Uvea

Back 1

Iris, ciliary body, choroid

Front 2

Back 2

Keratic Precipitates secondary to uveitis; inflammation = increased vessel permeability = cells//exudate accumulate in anterior chamber -> inflammatory cells adhere to corneal endothelium and become visible keratic precipitates

Front 3

Back 3

Normal uve tract (iris, ciliary bdy, choroid

Front 4

Posterior synechiae; adhesions between iris and lens

Back 4

Anterior synechiae; adhesion between iris and cornea

Front 5

Back 5

Posterior synechiae (iris stuck to anterior surface of the lens)

Front 6

Panuveitis

Back 6

Combo of intermediate an dposterior uveitis

Front 7

Pt w pain, redness, photophobia, dereased vision with autoimmune dz

Back 7

Uveitis; dx w slit lamp and indirect opthalmoscopy; can lead to vision loss if inadequately tx

Front 8

mc secondary intraocular malignancy in adults

Back 8

metastasis to uvea (iris, ciliary body, choroid)

Front 9

mc primary intraocular malignancy

Back 9

uveal melanoma no lymphatic within the eye; primary uveal melanoma tends to metastasize to liver

Front 10

risks of uv light

Back 10

uveal melanoma no lymphatic within the eye; primary uveal melanoma tends to metastasize to liver

Front 11

mc spread for eye neoplasms

Back 11

hematogenous; no lymphatic within the eye; primary uveal melanoma tends to metastasize to liver

Front 12

Back 12

uveal melanoma no lymphatic within the eye; primary uveal melanoma tends to metastasize to liver

Front 13

Back 13

rhetamotgenous retinal detachmnet; The detached retina appears blurred in the top of the photo – notice how the blood vessels are not in focus in the picture. This is because the retina is bowed forward and the picture is two dimensional. The tear is shaped like a “horseshoe” or a “V” due to pull from the vitreous.

Front 14

Back 14

exudative retinal detachment; fluid build up behind macula

Front 15

Back 15

Traction retinal detachment; fibrosis pulls retina off underlying tissue

Front 16

Back 16

AV nicking secondary to hypertensive retinopathy -> artery compresses vein due to high pressure; venous stasis distal to this crossing may cause occlusion of the retinal vein branches

Front 17

Back 17

copper wiring secondary to htn retinopathy; thickened vessel wall alters light reflex = orange metallic appeaance; note some AV nicking

Front 18

Back 18

cotton wool spots, flame hemorrhage, macular star from exudates in the outer plexiform retinal layer all secondary to hypertensive retinopathy

Front 19

Back 19

hypertensive retinopathy w flame hemorrhages as well as exudates

Front 20

Back 20

Neovascularization secondary to diabetic retinopathy; microcirculatory changes lead to lack of perfusion which can cause upregulation of VEGF and retinal angiogenesis

Front 21

Why don't you give too much oxygen to newborns?

Back 21

Increased risk for retinopathy of prematurity (nasal perfused/temporal avascular); by administering oxygen temporal blood vessels constrict causing ischemia of the distal tissue; ischemia upreg pro-angiogenic factors such as VEGF which can result in angiogensis; signifiant contraction of the neovascular membrane = detachment of the retina

Front 22

Sickle cell retinopathy

Back 22

Low 02 tension in retinal periphery = sickling of rbc and vascular occlusion; can cause hemorrhages = traction/detachment or neovascularization = traction/retinal detachment

Front 23

retinal artery occlusion

Back 23

acute painless monocular loss of vision; pale retina w cherry red macula

Front 24

Back 24

Hollenhorst plaque (fragment of atherosclerotic plaque) present in an arteriole

Front 25

why the cherry red spot?

Back 25

CRAO with “cherry red spot” – this occurs due to ischemia, edema, and whitening of the retinal layers surrounding the fovea. In the fovea, the retina is thin and consists only of photoreceptors allowing the redness of the underlying choroid to remain visible (macula has its own blood supply = choroid artery)

Front 26

retinal vein occlusion

Back 26

dilated/tortuous vessels in addition to diffuse flame hemorrhages; could be secondary to a thrombus or comrpression of vein at sites of AV nicking (due to atheriosclerosiss)

Front 27

Black spots and distortion in central vision

Back 27

Macular degeneration

Front 28

Back 28

dry maular degeneration; black spot in vision

Front 29

Back 29

wet macular degeneration; black spot in center of vision

Front 30

Back 30

Retinitis pigmentosa is characterized by bilateral degeneration of the retina as well as the pigmented epithelium of the choroid; poor NIGHT VISION

Front 31

Immunocompromised + aids + vision problems

Back 31

CMV retinitis

Front 32

mc primary intraocular malignancy affecting children

Back 32

retinoblastoma; neuronal cell of origin; malignancy arising from retina

60% sporadic
40% familial

two hit hypothesis

Front 33

Back 33

retinoblastoma

Front 34

Back 34

retinoblastoma histology; "flexner-wintersteiner rosettes" reflecting photoreceptor differentiation

areas of dystrophic calcifications also seen

Front 35

Back 35

Papilledema; optic nerve is hyperemic and swollen; can be secondary to nerve compression of elevation of CSF pressure surrounding the nerve; pressure elevation in the nerve = venous stasis at head = swelling

bilateral papilledema = elevated intracranial pressure

Front 36

Back 36

glaucomatous optic nerve damage; note increased risk ratio compared with the normal eye due to loss of ganglion cells and thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (disc gets bigger)

Front 37

optic neuritis

Back 37

usually secondary MS