Unit 6 Turner Sexual Behavior/sexuality

Front 1

this links cognition with sex drive, sexual awareness, mood-emotion, and memory

Back 1

interactive limbic pathways

Front 2

what are the four primary sites of sexual differentiation

Back 2

gonads
internal ducts
external genitalia
brain

Front 3

gonad differentiation

Back 3

occurs at 6-9 weeks
common primordia under genetic control
male begins by 6 weeks
in absence of Y chormosome ovaries develop at 7-9 weeks

Front 4

function of the sex determining region on the Y chromosome (SRY gene)

Back 4

causes testis to develop

Front 5

internal genital ducts

Back 5

diff. occurs at 8-12 wks
separate sets of primordia which transiently coexist in embryos of both sexes

Front 6

maleness requires positive influences of

Back 6

testosterone
mullerian inhibiting substance
absence of these yields mullerian (female) ducts

Front 7

external genitalia

Back 7

diff. at 8-12 wks
common primordia undergo continuous process
maleness requires + effect of DHT alone
when androgen effect is intermediate, newborn shows partial virilization
diff. is virtually complete by 16th week

Front 8

masculinization will never occur if T is not present in

Back 8

the first 12 weeks of gestation

Front 9

genetic females with excess androgens may have

Back 9

complete phallic urethra and prostatic tissue

Front 10

what enzyme is needed for this reaction to occur T --> DHT

Back 10

5alpha-reductase

Front 11

Bipotential hypothalamic neurons in absence of androgens

Back 11

GnRH pulsing
LH surge

Front 12

bipotential hypothalamic neurons in presence of androgens

Back 12

no GnRH pulsing or LH surge

Front 13

LH surge can be elicited in

Back 13

women and homosexual men, but not in heterosexual men
surge in women is much larger than gay men

Front 14

psychosexual diff.

Back 14

occurs at 8-12 wks and postnatal
it appears that androgen presence during sexual diff. favors but does not determine development of masculine sexuality and the androgen absence during sexual diff. favors but does not determine development of feminine sexuality

Front 15

these factors influence how the prenatal input is expressed in adults

Back 15

genetic predisposition
postnatal experiences
gender role and gender ID

Front 16

adrenogenital women, despite being corrected in infancy show these tendencies

Back 16

increased bisexual and homosexual fantasies

Front 17

chornically elevated cortisol (stress) does what to the male fetus

Back 17

supresses testosterone

Front 18

sexual ambiguity is most commonly due to

Back 18

incomplete external genitalia development at birth
external genitalia complete but opposite of genetic sex
examples are adrenogenital syndrome and androgen insensitivity syndrome

Front 19

#1 rule for successful sexuality development in cases of ambiguity

Back 19

do not send ambiguous signals to child

Front 20

hormonal control of libido in males

Back 20

androgens from testes increase libido
E or P in large amts can inhibit libido

Front 21

hormonal control of libido in females

Back 21

androgen from adrenal (&ovary) increase libido
hormones from ovary may alter libido across the menstrual cycle
E or P in large amts can inhibit libido

Front 22

androgen increase and libido

Back 22

increases intensity of sex drive but does not change direction of interest

Front 23

androgen deprivation and libido

Back 23

results in incomplete loss of libido
this suggests behavioral conditioning component of libido

Front 24

pheromones

Back 24

airborne molecules which act via the olfactory system to influence drives and behaviors
express a physiological/behavioral state to the recipient that yields a response from the recipient

Front 25

most likely reception pw for pheromones in mammals is via

Back 25

vomeronasal organ in nasal septa mucosa

Front 26

pheromones are involved in

Back 26

social recognition
territorial marking
location mapping
sexual attraction

Front 27

pheromone chemistry and effects

Back 27

volatile steroids but no T, E, or P action
present in axillary sweat glands
subtle emotion/mood effects
can advance and retard ovulation
short-chain aliphatic acids that are present in vaginal secretions

Front 28

pheromones are copulins that

Back 28

stimulate male libido
have highest production around ovulation

Front 29

sexuality from a physio perspective

Back 29

hormonally-determined process of sexual differentiation of the repro system and brain contributes to development of sexuality
hormonal environment in adolescence and adulthood contributes both to development and expression of sexuality
pheromones can enhance sexual attraction and expression of behavior

Front 30

sexuality and non-physiological factors

Back 30

there may be genetic predisposition for sexual orientation
social and cultural norms and values affect attitudes and expression of sexuality
species-survival drives imbedded in social and cultural patterns

Front 31

events of sexual response can be grouped into 3 physio responses

Back 31

vasocongestion
myotonia
rapid release of A and B due to orgasm

Front 32

4 stages of sexual response pattern

Back 32

excitement
plateau
orgasm
resolution

Front 33

variation in human sexual response

Back 33

great variation in psychological contributions
little variation in physio events

Front 34

excitement, plateau, and resolution stages show little sex differences

Back 34

homologous structures respond similarly
female response patterns may be more varied and are commonly more gradual

Front 35

frequency of orgasm

Back 35

refractory period more common in men
multiple orgasms more common in women
orgasm/intercourse ration greater in men

Front 36

sexual stimuli

Back 36

senses
memory
mood
context

Front 37

sexual response cycle operates via

Back 37

intergration of CNS and genito-pelvic events in a repetitive, summating positive feedback loop that leads to orgasm

Front 38

this occurs when orgasmic threshold is reached in CNS

Back 38

massive motor nerve output with focus in genito-pelvic (perineal) region

Front 39

orgasm

Back 39

repeated, rhythmic contractions of perineal musculature in response to motor nerve activity described above
CNS cortico-sensory experience of this

Front 40

testosterone optimizes sensitivity of

Back 40

CNS substrate regulating libido
CNS components of the summing cycle leading to orgasm
peripheral tissues involved in the sacral reflex

Front 41

CNS and peripheral events during orgasm

Back 41

while normally integrated, are not mutually dependent

Front 42

disorders of sexual function

Back 42

physical basis- 10-15%
psychological basis- 85-90%

Front 43

% of patients that have some sexual matter they would like to discuss with their doctor

Back 43

50%, but <10% actually do so