Unit 6 - Genetics Vocabs

Front 1

Cell

Back 1

-Membrane-bound structure

-basic unit of life

Front 2

Nucleus

Back 2

Contains DNA

Front 3

Double Helix

Back 3

Spiral structure that hold the DNA together

Front 4

Gene

Back 4

Contains codes for polypeptide or protein

Front 5

Nitrogen Base

Back 5

A,T,G,C

Front 6

Chromosome

Back 6

DNA and proteins coiled, rod-shaped form

Front 7

Nucleus Acid

Back 7

Macromolecules - contains DNA & RNA carries out important information for cell functions

Front 8

DNA

Back 8

Deoxyribonucleic acid, contains heredity info

Front 9

Nucleotide

Back 9

Monomer of DNA & RNA, consist of nitrogen bases, phosphate, and sugar

Front 10

DNA polymerase

Back 10

Enzyme that binds the separate strands of DNA

Front 11

Helicase

Back 11

Enzyme that "separate" the two DNA strands

Front 12

Adenine

Back 12

Pair with Thymine

Pair with Uracil in RNA

Front 13

Thymine

Back 13

Pair with Adenine

Front 14

Guanine

Back 14

Pair with Cytosine

Front 15

Cytosine

Back 15

Pair with Guanine

Front 16

DNA replication

Back 16

Copying DNA

Front 17

Ligase

Back 17

"glue"

Front 18

Semi-Conservative Replication

Back 18

One new strand and one old strand of DNA

Front 19

Gene Expression

Back 19

Protein

Front 20

Protein Synthesis

Back 20

occurred in the ribosome

Front 21

Transcription

Back 21

change DNA -> mRNA -> amino acid

Front 22

mRNA

Back 22

messenger RNA, get code from DNA, and leave from nucleus to ribosome

Front 23

Translation

Back 23

tRNA locates the amino acid to match each codon in the mRNA code

Front 24

tRNA

Back 24

Transportation RNA

Front 25

Ribosome

Back 25

Make proteins using the mRNA code

Front 26

Rough ER

Back 26

Folds, and modifies proteins

Front 27

Golgi Body

Back 27

Packages proteins and prepare for transport

Front 28

Vesicles

Back 28

Small sacs used to transport proteins

Front 29

Exocytosis

Back 29

"Exiting" the cell

Front 30

DNA Mutation

Back 30

a change in DNA sequence that cause change to protein

Front 31

Nonsense Mutation

Back 31

One base substituted, One amino acid changed

Front 32

Silent Mutation

Back 32

One base substituted, No effect on amino acid

Front 33

Missense Mutation

Back 33

One base substituted, stop early

Front 34

Frameshift Mutation

Back 34

Base inserted/deleted, change in sequence

Front 35

Gene

Back 35

determine the phenotype

Front 36

Allele

Back 36

determine the gene

Front 37

Homozygous Dominant

Back 37

RR

Front 38

Homozygous Recessive

Back 38

rr

Front 39

Heterozygous

Back 39

Rr

Front 40

Genotype

Back 40

genetic make up of an organism

Front 41

Phenotype

Back 41

physical appearance

Front 42

Complete Dominance

Back 42

Dominant alleles mask the present of recessive alleles

Front 43

Co-dominance

Back 43

Show both alleles (ex: red flower with white spot)

Front 44

Incomplete Dominance

Back 44

Blend alleles (ex: red+white= PINK)

Front 45

Multiple Alleles

Back 45

more than two forms of alleles exist for a trait

Front 46

Gene Technology

Back 46

Transferring and Modifying gene