Unit 5 Vocabulary

Front 1

Fermentation

Back 1

A metabolic process whereby electrons released from nutrients are ultimately transferred to molecules obtained from the breakdown of those same nutrients.

Front 2

Cellular Respiration

Back 2

The set of metabloic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to covert biochemical energy from nutrients to ATP and then release waste.

Front 3

Reducing Agent

Back 3

The element or compound in a reduction-oxidation reaction that donated an electron to another species. Once the reducer loses an electron it is oxidized.
(The elctron donor)

Front 4

Oxidizing Agent

Back 4

A substance that removes electrons from another reactant in a redox chemical reaction. The oxidizing agent is reduced by taking electrons onto itself and the reactant is oxidized by having its electrons taken away.

( The electron acceptor)

Front 5

Oxidation

Back 5

The loss of electrons from one subsatnce.

Front 6

Reduction

Back 6

The addition of electrons to another substance.

Front 7

NAD+

Back 7

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, an electron carrier

Front 8

Electron Transport Chain

Back 8

Oxidative phophorylation (occurs in the inner membrance of the mitochondira)

Front 9

Krebs Cycle

Back 9

A sequence of reactions in which oxidation of acetic acid or acetyl equivilant provides energy for storage in phosphate bonds (as in ATP)

Front 10

Oxidation Phosphorylation

Back 10

The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.

Front 11

Substrate Level Phosphorylation

Back 11

The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism (break down molecules into smaller units and release energy).

Front 12

ATP Synthase

Back 12

A cluster of several membrance proteins found in the mitochondrial crista that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains, using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. Itprovides a port through which hydrogen ions diffuse unto the matrix of the mitrochondrion.

Front 13

Chemiosmosis

Back 13

An energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work, such as the synthesis of ATP. Most ATP synthesis in cells occurs by this.

Front 14

Aerobic

Back 14

Containing oxygen; referring to an organism, enviroment, or cellular process that requires oxygen.

Front 15

Anaerobic

Back 15

Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism, enviroment, or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.

Front 16

Alcohol Fermentation

Back 16

The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.

Front 17

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Back 17

The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.

Front 18

Autotrophs

Back 18

An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms.

Front 19

Heterotrophs

Back 19

An organism that obtaibns organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.

Front 20

Chlorophyll

Back 20

A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Covert to energy.