Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Hormonal regulation |
A physiological mechanisms that regulates the secretion and action of hormones associated with the endocrine system |
|
|
Endocrine gland |
Specialized cluster of cells, tissue, or an organ that produces and secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream |
|
|
Hormone |
Chemical substance that stimulates cellular action in target tissues |
|
|
Target tissue |
Specific tissue that hormones can influence |
|
|
Receptor site |
Location on the surface of the cell where hormones attach and gain access to the cell, allowing for physiological influence |
|
|
What are the four things that control hormone secretion |
Negative feedback, positive feedback, biological rhythms, central nervous system stimulation |
|
|
Hypothyroidism |
Insufficient secretion of thyroid hormones. Because thyroid hormones influence metabolic rate, thyroid insufficiency has a significant effect on systemic cellular metabolism, creating a body wide symptoms including the fatigue, weight gain, depression, reduced cardiac and respiratory rates, as well as myxedema |
|
|
Hypercortisolism |
Cushing's syndrome Chronic excess glucocorticoid (cortisol) secretion from the adrenal cortex. This is caused by the hypothalamus, the anterior pituitary gland, or the adrenal pituitary gland, or the adrenal Cortex. -systemic effects: immunity, metabolism, fat distribution and reduced muscle mass, loss of bone density, hypertension, fragility to microvasculature, and thinning of skin |
|
|
Adrenal insufficiency |
Addison's disease occurs with an insufficient secretion of adrenal cortical steroids (cortisol and aldosterone) -dysfunction of the pituitary gland and insufficient secretion of ACTH -results: fluid and electrolyte in balance, hypernatremia, hyperkalemia and hypovolemia |
|
|
Glucogenolysis |
Breakdown of glycogen to glucose |
|
|
Counterregulatory hormone |
A hormone that opposes the action of another Cortisol, growth hormone, norepinephrine, epinephrine, insulin, glucagon |
|
|
Gluconeogenesis |
Process of producing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources (ex: proteins and fats) |
|
|
Insulin resistance |
-A state in which the body cells respond of normally to the signaling action of insulin
-not a problem with insulin supply but rather with how the cell response to insulin signaling due to the reduction of insulin receptors or glucose transporter molecules |
|
|
Macronutrients |
Kilocalorie energy containing sources of carbohydrates, protein, and fats |
|
|
Micronutrients |
Vitamins and minerals Required in minute amounts |
|
|
Phytochemicals |
Plant compounds that have an antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune boosting properties |
|
|
Kilocalories |
Unit of measure to of 1000 calories. The amount of energy required to raise the water temp 1 degree |
|
|
Malnutrition |
Nutritional status : optimal or sub optimal Sub optimal state reflects either insufficient or excess of quantity or quality of micro nutrients and macronutrients |
|
|
Sarcopenia |
The loss of muscle mass related to the aging process |
|
|
Anasarca |
Severe generalized Edema |
|
|
Hypoalbuminemia |
Insufficient circulating protein in the blood Albumin in the blood is abnormally low |
|
|
Constipation |
A condition in which there is difficulty in emptying the bowels, usually associated with hardened feces A high level of constraint or restriction; a pronounced lack of ease |
|
|
Diarrhea |
It condition in which feces are discharged from bowls frequently in a liquid form |
|
|
Stress incontinence |
A condition in which there is involuntary a mission of urine when pressure within the abdomen increases suddenly, as in coughing or jumping |
|
|
Urge incontinence |
-Occurs when you have the sudden urge to urinate. -In urgent incontinence the bladder contracts when it shouldn't, causing some urine to leak through the sphincter muscles holding the bladder closed |
|
|
Fecal incontinence |
The inability to control your bowel movements, causing stool to leak unexpectedly from your rectum |
