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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is serotonin antagonist used for |
Severe nausea and vomiting |
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What are examples of serotonin antagonists |
Zofran(ondanestron hydrochloride) Side effects headache and diarrhea |
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What is the use for dopamine antagonists |
Suppress vomiting by blocking dopamine 2 receptors |
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What are examples of dopamine antagonists |
Thorazine(rarely used) phenergan(promethazine) Side effects dizziness, restlessness and dry mouth |
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What is glucocortisteroids used for |
Vomiting from chemotherapy and surpress nausea and vomiting(not often used for this purpose) |
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What are the uses of cannabinoids |
Schedule ll drugs surpress vomiting associated with chemo |
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Benzodiazepines uses |
Provide sedation, surpress anticipation of vomiting |
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Examples of benzodiazepines |
Ativan(lorazepam) Valium(diazepam) |
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Anticholinergic uses and examples |
Blocks ACH Daramine(dimenhydrinate) Vistaril(hydroxizine) Tigan(trimethobenzamide) |
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Common side effects of anti emetic drugs(anti throwing up) |
Drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, vision disturbance, may cause insomnia, nervousness, and confusion |
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What is diarrhea and how do you control it |
Diarrhea is a symptom not a disorder, must identify and correct cause of diarrhea, fluid and electrolyte replacement are important, usually self-limiting, diarrhea in children can become a medical emergency, anti diarrhea meds include absorbents, intestinal wall and remove toxins by absorption, opiods inhibit GI motility |
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What are the functions of opiods |
Inhibit GI motility |
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What is the generic name for Lomotil |
Diphenoxylate or atropine, its an opiod |
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What is the generic name for imodium |
Loperamide |
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What is the generic name for kaopectate |
Kaolin, pectin, its an absorbebt |
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What is the function of paragoric opiod? |
Decrease peristalsis, side effects similar to lomotil |
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What causes constipation |
may be caused by emotions, dietary changes, increase fluid intake, fever |
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Where is constipation most common in |
Children and elderly |
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What should the healthcare provider teach about constipation |
Proper use of laxatives |
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What are the functions of osmotic saline laxatives |
Increases amount of water and large intestines and feces, increase volume and stimulate peristalsis |
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What are examples of osmotic laxatives |
Miralax, MOM, citrate of magnesia |
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What are the functions of bulk forming laxatives |
Stimulates peristalsis by swelling, increasing bulk, and modifying the consistency of stools |
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What are examples of bulk forming laxatives and side effects |
FiberCon, perdiem, matamucil, prunes, bran Side effects are, flatulence, bulky stools, less harmful, take with enough water, do not interfere with food absorption |
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What are the functions of stimulant laxatives |
Absorbed and later secreted to stimulate peristalsis |
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What are examples of stimulant laxatives |
Dulcolax(bisacodyl) senekot habit forming, may discolor urine |
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What are the functions of lubricant laxatives |
Allows water to penetrate the fecal mass and the oily drugs ease passage of stool |
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What are examples of lubricant laxatives |
Mineral oil |
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What is the action of lomotil and side effects |
Inhibits peristalsis in the gastric mucosa, side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, lightheadedness, headache, nausea, vomiting come on dry mouth, epigastric distress |
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What is the action of imodium and its side effects |
Direct action on intestinal muscle to reduce purse dulcis, reduce volume and increase bulk of stool side effects include nausea, dry mouth, vomiting, constipation |
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What are the a to a of kaopectate and side effects |
Decreases gastric motility and water content of stool, absorbent Side effects include constipation |
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What is the action of paregoric opiod |
Decrease peristalsis, side effects similar to lomotil, dizziness, drowsiness, lightheadedness, headache, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, epigastric distress |
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What are the actions of stool softeners |
Decreases the consistency of stools by reducing the surface tension, absorb water in two tool, lubricate rectum, and increase bulk |
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What is an example of a stool softener |
Colace(docusate) |
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What are bowel evacuants and example |
Cleansing solutions, GoLytely, do not lose water or elecyrolytes |
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What are examples of emollient and function |
Mineral oil, lybricate, intestinal wall and soften stool |
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What are examples of hyperosmotic agents and its function |
Chronulac, dehydrate tissue and cause irritation promoting defecation |
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What are the effects of bacteria in the digestive system |
Chronic gastritis, peptic, duodenal ulcers |
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How do you treat chronic bacterial infection in the digestive system |
Use proton pump inhibitors and anti infectives |
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The functions of antacids |
Neutralize or decrease stomach acidity, combined with HCl to form sodium and water, examples are amphojel, mylanta, Maalox and gaviscon |
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Mucosal protectants |
It resists the peptic ulcers and protects against hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes |
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What are examples of mucosal protectants and its side effects |
Side effects include constipation gastric secretion may cause diarrhea nausea and abdominal pain, examples are sucralfate carafate |
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Antibiotics for ulcer in the stomach |
Prev pack / prevacid / lansoprazole, trimox / amoxicillin, biaxin/clarithromycin |
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Prev PAC anti biotic for stomach ulcer |
Prevacid, lansoprazole |
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Antibiotic for stomach ulcers, tetracycline |
Flagyl |
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H2 receptor antagonists for the stomach |
Inhibits the interaction of histamine at the h2 receptors inhibits gastric acid secretion |
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H2 receptor antagonist examples and side effects |
Tagamet, zantac, pepcid , side effects include constipation headache and can be taken with food |
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Tagamet |
Cimetidine |
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Zantac |
Ranitidine |
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Pepcid |
H2 receptor antagonist |
