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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Allele
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one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color
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Codominance
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a condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed
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Deletion
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the loss of a part of DNA from a chromosome
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Derma
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skin
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Dihybrid Cross
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a cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene
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Dominant
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describes the allele that is fully expressed when carried by only one of a pair of homologous chromosomes
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F1 Generation
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the first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms
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F2 Generation
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the second generation of offspring, obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms; the offspring of the F1 generation
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Genotype
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the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits
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Heredity
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the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring
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Heterozygous
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describes an individual that has two different alleles for a trait
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Homozygous
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describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologous chromosomes
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Homologous Chromosome
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chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis
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Incomplete Dominance
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a condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of the individual's two parents because the dominant allele is unable to express itself fully
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Insertion
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the point at which a muscle is attached to a bone
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Karyotype
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an array of the chromosomes found in an individual’s cells at metaphase of mitosis and arranged in homologous pairs and in order of diminishing size
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Law Of Independent Assortment
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the law that states that genes separate independently of one another in meiosis
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Law Of Segregation
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Mendel's law that states that the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete
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Monosomy
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a condition in a diploid cell in which one member of a pair of homologous chromosomes is missing
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Multiple Alleles
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more than two alleles (versions of the gene) for a genetic trait
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Nondisjunction
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the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis or meiosis II
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P Generation
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parental generation, the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross
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Pedigree
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a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family
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Phenotype
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an organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic that results from the organism's genotype and the environment
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Point Mutation
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a mutation in which only one nucleotide or nitrogenous base in a gene is changed
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Polygenis Trait
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a characteristic of an organism that is determined by many genes
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Punnett Square
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a graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross
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Recessive
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describes a trait or an allele that is expressed only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited
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Sex-linked Trait
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a trait that is determined by a gene found on one of the sex chromosomes, such as the X chromosome or the Y chromosome in humans
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Somatic Cell
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any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.
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Substitution
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a mutation in which a nucleotide or a codon in DNA is replaced with a different nucleotide
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Translocation
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the movement of a segment of DNA from one chromosome to another, which results in a change in the position of the segment; also the movement of soluble nutrients from one part of a plant to another
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Trisomy
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a chromosomal anomaly in which an individual has an extra chromosome in any of the chromosome pairs
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