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33 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Allele
one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color
Codominance
a condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed
Deletion
the loss of a part of DNA from a chromosome
Derma
skin
Dihybrid Cross
a cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene
Dominant
describes the allele that is fully expressed when carried by only one of a pair of homologous chromosomes
F1 Generation
the first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms
F2 Generation
the second generation of offspring, obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms; the offspring of the F1 generation
Genotype
the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits
Heredity
the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring
Heterozygous
describes an individual that has two different alleles for a trait
Homozygous
describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologous chromosomes
Homologous Chromosome
chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis
Incomplete Dominance
a condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of the individual's two parents because the dominant allele is unable to express itself fully
Insertion
the point at which a muscle is attached to a bone
Karyotype
an array of the chromosomes found in an individual’s cells at metaphase of mitosis and arranged in homologous pairs and in order of diminishing size
Law Of Independent Assortment
the law that states that genes separate independently of one another in meiosis
Law Of Segregation
Mendel's law that states that the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete
Monosomy
a condition in a diploid cell in which one member of a pair of homologous chromosomes is missing
Multiple Alleles
more than two alleles (versions of the gene) for a genetic trait
Nondisjunction
the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis or meiosis II
P Generation
parental generation, the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross
Pedigree
a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family
Phenotype
an organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic that results from the organism's genotype and the environment
Point Mutation
a mutation in which only one nucleotide or nitrogenous base in a gene is changed
Polygenis Trait
a characteristic of an organism that is determined by many genes
Punnett Square
a graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross
Recessive
describes a trait or an allele that is expressed only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited
Sex-linked Trait
a trait that is determined by a gene found on one of the sex chromosomes, such as the X chromosome or the Y chromosome in humans
Somatic Cell
any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.
Substitution
a mutation in which a nucleotide or a codon in DNA is replaced with a different nucleotide
Translocation
the movement of a segment of DNA from one chromosome to another, which results in a change in the position of the segment; also the movement of soluble nutrients from one part of a plant to another
Trisomy
a chromosomal anomaly in which an individual has an extra chromosome in any of the chromosome pairs