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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Timolol is a?
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-beta-adrenergic blocker
-both B1 (heart) & B2 (lungs) receptors |
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Beta-adrenergic blockers actions & use
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-glaucoma
-selectively blocks receptors in eye so less aqueous humor is produced by the ciliary bodies -fluid also absorbs slightly faster -both actions reduce IOP |
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beta-adrenergic blockers local adverse effects
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-generally minimal. complaints of transient ocular stinging, conjunctivitis, blurred vision, photophobia, dry eyes
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beta-adrenergic blockers systemic adverse effects
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-effects on heart: bradycardia, AV heart block
-effects on lung: constriction of bronchi, bronchospasm -can induce hypoglycemia & also mask hypoglycemic symptoms |
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beta-adrenergic blockers nursing implications
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-ask if pt. has asthma or COPD
-warn diabetic patients to check blood glucose levels more often -teach to take pulse at least twice per day |
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Latanoprost is a?
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prostaglandin analog
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Prostaglandin analog purpose/actions
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-glaucoma
-lower IOP by dilating blood vessels in trabecular mesh, where aqueous humor is reabsorbed -collect more aqueous humor & allows more fluid to leave eye |
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Prostaglandin analog side effects
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-heightened brown pigmentation of iris
-increase pigmentation of eyelids -increase growth & pigmentation of eyelashes -blurred vision, burning, stinging |
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Prostaglandin analog nursing interventions
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-teach to check cornea for abrasions/other signs of trauma
-if only one eye is treated, teach not to place drops in other eye to try to make colors similar -warn that using higher doses than prescribed can reduce effectiveness |
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Pilocarpine is a?
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cholinergic agonist
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Cholinergic agonist purpose/actions
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-glaucoma
-lower IOP by increasing outflow of aqueous humor -make pupil smaller (iris sphincter constriction) -more room between iris & lens (ciliary muscle constriction) |
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Cholinergic agonist side effects
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-pupil of eye will not open more to let in more light - increases fall risk
-ciliary muscle constriction focuses lens for near vision - causes myopia -systemic side effects are headache, flushing, increased saliva, sweating |
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Cholinergic agonist nursing implications
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-may need corrective lenses for
-don't use more eyedrops than prescribed & report increased drooling/saliva -use good light when reading & take care in dark rooms |
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Dorzolamide is a?
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-carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
-topical |
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Dorzolamide purpose/action
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-open-angle glaucoma
-lowers IOP by directly decreasing production of aqueous humor |
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Dorzolamide side effects
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-ocular stinging, bitter taste following dosing
-allergic: conjunctivitis, lid reactions -blurred vision, tearing, eye dryness, photophobia |
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Dorzolamide nursing implications
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-ask if pt has allergy to sulfonamide antibacterial drugs
-shake drug before applying -don't use eyedrops with contacts in place, wait 15 mins after dosing to put them in |
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cycloplegics and mydriatics action
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-paralyze the ciliary muscle (cycloplegic) by blocking contraction
-dilate the pupil (mydriatics) by blocking iris sphincter contraction -muscarinic antagonists |
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tropicamide is a?
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cycloplegic/mydriatic
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cyclopentolate is a?
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cycloplegic/mydriatic
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cycloplegics & mydriatics purpose
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-facilitate diagnosis & surgery of ophthalmic disorders
-dilated pupil allows to look in eye -paralyzing ciliary muscle prevents lens from undergoing changes in configuration |
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cycloplegics & mydriatics side effects
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-blurred vision & photophobia
-precipitation of angle-closure glaucoma -systemic: dry mouth, constipation, fever, tachycardia, CNS effects |
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cycloplegics & mydriatics nursing implications
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-reassure that side effects (blurred vision, etc) should be gone in 6 hours
-use caution in pt predisposed to angle closure |
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pegaptanib and bevacizumab are?
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angiogenesis inhibitors
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Angiogenesis inhibitors purpose/action
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-Wet AMD
-antagonizes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) -VEGF induces angiogenesis, increases vascular permeability, promotes inflammation |
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Angiogenesis inhibitors side effects
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-endophthalmitis (inflammation inside eye caused by infection) is biggest concern but uncommon
-blurred vision, cataracts, conjunctival hemorrhage, corneal edema, eye discharge, increased IOP, ocular discomfort, vitreous floaters, reduced visual acuity |
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Angiogenesis inhibitors nursing implications
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-drug is injected directly into eye every 4-6 wks
-pt who experience symptoms (redness, light sensitivity, pain) should seek immediate medical attention |
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meclizine is a?
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antiemetic
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meclizine purpose/action
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-motion sickness
-blocks receptors that connects the inner ear to vomiting center |
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meclizine side effects
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-sedation, dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation
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Amoxycillin
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-used for otitis media if antibacterial drugs are indicated
-use high dose for 5-10 days -cannot be used in penicillin allergies |
