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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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dike |
large banks of earth and stone (created to hold back water) |
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polders |
reclaimed lands |
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glaciation |
glaciers formed and spread over a peninsula |
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fjords |
long, narrow, steep sided inlets |
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loess |
a fine, wind-borne soil |
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timberline |
the elevation above which trees cannot grow |
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foehns |
dry winds |
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avalanches |
destructive masses of ice, snow, and rock |
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mistral |
a strong north wind from the Alps |
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siroccos
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high dry winds from North Africa
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permafrost |
soil that is permanently frozen below the surface |
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ethnic group |
groups of people with a shared ancestry |
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ethnic cleansing |
the process of expelling or killing other ethnic groups to achieve "purity" |
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refugees |
people who flee a region for safety |
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urbanization |
a concentration of people in towns or cities |
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city-states |
independent communities |
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Middle Ages |
the period between ancient and modern times |
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feudalism |
a system in which monarchs or lords game lands to nobles in return for loyalty |
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Crusades |
a serious of religious wars (Christianity based) |
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Renaissance |
a 300 period of discovery and learning |
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Reformation |
an increase of production of books and literacy |
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Enlightenment |
a movement that questioned traditional religion, philosophy and politics |
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industrial capitalism |
an economic system where business leaders used profits to expand companies |
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communism |
a philosophy that lead to complete equality, and the people owning industries and government |
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reparation |
payments for damages |
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Holocaust |
the mass killing of European Jews by German's Nazi government |
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Cold War |
a power struggle between capitalist and communist governments |
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European Union |
an organization of European countries |
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dialects |
a local form of languages |
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language family |
a group of related languages |
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Good Friday Peace Agreement |
an agreement to abide to peace because of a religious holiday |
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romanticism |
an art movement that focused on emotions |
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realism |
an art movement that focused on everyday life |
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impressionists |
a group of French painters that painted experiences |
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welfare state |
a tax supported government for higher education, healthcare, and social security |
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Maastricht Treaty |
a treaty that set up the european union |
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heavy industry |
the manufacturing of machinery and industrial equipment |
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light industry |
the creation of textiles or foods |
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mixed farming |
the raising of several kinds of crops or livestock on the same farm |
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farm co-ops |
organizations in which farmers share in growing and selling of goods and profits |
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collective farms |
government owned farms that share in profits |
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state farms |
farms that give wages, but do not share profits |
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genetically modified foods |
foods altered on a genetic level to grow bigger or be resistant to pests |
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organic farming |
the use of natural substances instead of fertilizers and chemicals |
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dry farming |
a method of farming in dry areas to produce crops without irrigation |
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acid rain |
rain tarnished by pollutants that make the rain corrosive |
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meltwaters |
a mixture of melted ice and snows |
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Acid deposition |
wet or dry acid pollution that falls to the ground and builds up over time |
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environmentalists |
people concerned with the quality of the environment |
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greenhouse effect |
a layer of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that traps gasses and slowly heats the planet over time |
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global warming |
a warming global climate that melts the ice caps and destabilizes the environment |
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Biologists |
scientists that study plant and animal life |
