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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Crust
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The thin outer layer of the earth, made of rock
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Mantle
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The middle layer of the earth, between the crust and the core
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Core
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The inner layer of the earth, made mainly of iron plus a little nickel.
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Inner Core
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The inner core is solid and contains iron and nickel
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Outer Core
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It is made out of hot rock and has many different minerals.
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Lithosphere
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The hard outer part of the earth's surface; it is broken into big slabs called plates.
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Convection Currents
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A current of warmer material; when air or water or soft rock is heated fro below, the warmer material rises in convection currents.
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Oceanic Crust
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The oceanic crust is made of Balsalt. It's about 5km thick in average.
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Continental Crust
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The continental crust is mainly granite. It varies in thickness but is about 30km thick on average.
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Fault
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A crack in the earth's crust, where rock has moved.
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Focus
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The "centre" of an earthquake; it is the place where the rock moved.
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Epicentre
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The point on the ground directly above the focus of an earthquake.
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Tsunami
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A series of giant waves set off by an earthquake in the ocean floor.
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Magma
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Melted rock below the earth's surface; when it reaches the surface it is called lava.
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Lava
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Melted rock that erupts from the volcano.
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Pyroclastic flow
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A flood of gas, dust, ash and other particles rushing down the side of the volcano, after an eruption.
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Crater
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A hollow around the vent of a volcano
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Mudflow
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A river of mud it can form when the material from an eruption mixes with rain or melted ice.
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Ash
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A black cloud that spurs out of the volcano that contains dust and big rocks.
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Balsalt
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It is a mineral located in the oceanic crust.
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Trenches
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A deep steep valley in the ocean floor
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Granite
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It is a mineral found in the continental crust.
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Earthquake
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The shaking of the earth's crust caused by sudden rock movement.
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Volcano
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A place where lava erupts at the earth's surface.
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Plates
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The earth's surface is broken into large slabs; these are called plates.
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Fold mountains
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Mountains formed as a result of plates pushing against each other.
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Aftershocks
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Little earthquakes that follow the main one.
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Magnitude
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How much energy on earthquakes gives out.
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Richter Scale
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A scale for the measurements the energy giving out in an earthquake.
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Igneous Rock
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Rock made from fire or heat. They form when molten lava (magma) cools and turn to solid rock. An example of igneous rock is granite.
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Sedimentary Rock
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Rock created from layers of sand, mud and organic matter that compact on the sea floor. Sedimentary rock often contains fossils. An example of sedimentary rock is sandstone or shale.
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Metamorphic Rock
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Rock that has transformed from intense heat and pressure. An example of metamorphic rock is marble.
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