Unit 4 Pompeii Summative Cue Cards

Front 1

Crust

Back 1

The thin outer layer of the Earth, made or rock

Front 2

Mantle

Back 2

The middle layer of the Earth, between the crust and the core

Front 3

Core

Back 3

The inner layer of the Earth, made mainly of iron plus a little nickel

Front 4

Inner Core

Back 4

The inner core is solid and contains iron and nickel

Front 5

Outer Core

Back 5

It is made our of hot rock and has many different minerals

Front 6

Lithosphere

Back 6

The hard outer part of the earth's surface; it is broken into big slabs called plates.

Front 7

Convection Currents

Back 7

A current of warmer material when air or water or soft rock is heated from below, the warmer material rises in convection currents

Front 8

Oceanic Crust

Back 8

The oceanic crust is made of Basalt.It is about 5km thick on average

Front 9

Continental Crust

Back 9

The continental crust is mainly granite. It varies in thickness but is about 30km thick on average

Front 10

Fault

Back 10

A crack in the earth's crust, where rock has moved

Front 11

Focus

Back 11

The "centre" of an earthquake; it is the place where the rock moved.

Front 12

Epicentre

Back 12

The point on the ground directly above the focus of an earthquake

Front 13

Tsunami

Back 13

A series of giant waves set off by an earthquake in the ocean floor

Front 14

Magma

Back 14

Melted rock below the earth's surface; when it reaches the surface it is called lava

Front 15

Lava

Back 15

Melted rock that erupts from a volcano

Front 16

Pyroclastic Flow

Back 16

A flood of gas, dust, ash and other particles rushing down the side of the mountain, after an eruption

Front 17

Crater

Back 17

A hollow around the vent of a volcano

Front 18

Mudflow

Back 18

A river of mud; it can form when the material from an eruption mixes with rain or melting ice

Front 19

Ash

Back 19

A black cloud that spurs out of the volcano that contains dust and big rocks

Front 20

Basalt

Back 20

It is a mineral located in the Oceanic Crust

Front 21

Trenches

Back 21

A deep steep valley in the ocean floor

Front 22

Granite

Back 22

It is a mineral found in the continental crust

Front 23

Earthquake

Back 23

The shaking of the Earth's crust, caused by sudden rock movement

Front 24

Volcano

Back 24

A place where lava erupts at the earth's surface

Front 25

Plates

Back 25

The earth's surface is broken into large slabs; these are called plates

Front 26

Fold Mountains

Back 26

Mountains formed as a result of plates pushing into each other

Front 27

Aftershocks

Back 27

Little earthquakes that flow the main one

Front 28

Magnitude

Back 28

How much energy on earthquakes gives out

Front 29

Richter Scale

Back 29

A scale for measuring the energy given out in an earthquake

Front 30

Igneous Rocks

Back 30

Rock made from fire or heat. They form when molten lava (magma) cools and turn to solid rock. An example of igneous rock is granite.

Front 31

Sedimentary Rocks

Back 31

Rock created from layers of sand, mud and organic matter that compact on the sea floor. Sedimentary rock often contains fossils. An example of sedimentary rock is sandstone or shale.

Front 32

Metamorphic Rocks

Back 32

Rock that has transformed from intense heat and pressure. An example of metamorphic rock is marble.