Unit 4 -Deviance And Social Stratificatoon

Front 1

Deviance definition

Back 1

Behavior that violates social norms not necessarily significant ones

Front 2

Five basic social functions of deviance

Back 2

Unify the group "us against them", clarify norms, defuse tension small acts, identify problems large number of deviants, provide jobs

Front 3

Reason for existence of deviance

Back 3

Natural occurrence. Societies have many rules and it's human nature to question them

Front 4

Stigma

Back 4

A mark of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart from the rest of society

Front 5

Two types of stigmas

Back 5

Outward (physical) and inward

Front 6

Cultural transmission theory

Back 6

Views deviance as a learned behavior through interaction with others

Front 7

Differential association

Back 7

The proportion of associations a person has with deviant versus non-deviant individuals

Front 8

Structural strain theory

Back 8

The functionalist perspective on deviance. Views deviance as a natural outgrowth of the values norms and structure of society

Front 9

Anomie

Back 9

Situation that arises when the norms of society are unclear or no longer applicable

Front 10

Mertons five modes of adaptation

Back 10

Conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, rebellion

Front 11

Control theory

Back 11

Turns to the social structure for an explanation of deviant behavior. Sees deviance as a natural occurrence and conformity as a result of social control. Individuals that have weak ties to community are likely to deviate. Conform for two reasons exposure to rules and norms also fear of community kicking you out

Front 12

Conflict theory

Back 12

Competition and social inequality lead to deviance as an expression or to get what they want. Deviance is defined by those in power.

Front 13

Labeling theory

Back 13

Focuses on how individuals come to be labeled as deviants

Front 14

Primary deviance vs. secondary deviance

Back 14

Primary goes undetected while secondary is detected and labeled as deviant and excepting that label as true. Self fulfilling prophecy

Front 15

The Saints versus the roughnecks

Back 15

Saints were privileged and not labeled as deviants while the roughnecks were not privileged and labels as deviants. Relates to labeling theory and conflict theory

Front 16

Harnesses, open house thieves, hurting the homeless. Ideas and how we react to different crimes and levels of deviance

Back 16

We react more strongly to crimes we know to be acts of deviance rather than crimes we are unsure about or that we feel like we can't talk about

Front 17

Relation of crime to societal norms

Back 17

Folkways and mores are sometimes laws enforced by the government

Front 18

Reasons for lack of validity with all crime statistics

Back 18

Accuracy is up to the agencies that report and only so many agencies do report and only so many crimes are actually reported to those agencies

Front 19

Uniform crime report: FBI

Back 19

Collects information on crimes reported by law-enforcement agencies participating

Front 20

Violent crime definition and examples

Back 20

Crime involving violence. Murder, rape, robbery, assault

Front 21

Property crime definition and

Back 21

Crime involving property. Burglary, larceny, motor theft, arson

Front 22

Victimless crime definition and examples

Back 22

Crimes that aren't directly hurting other people. Prostitution, gambling, drug use, vagrancy

Front 23

White-collar crime definition and

Back 23

Crime committed by an individual or individuals of high social status in the course of the professional lives. Insider trading, corruption, computer crimes

Front 24

Organized crime definition and examples

Back 24

Large-scale organization a professional criminals I could throw some buys her business to violence or threat of violence. Mafia

Front 25

Social stratification

Back 25

The ranking of individuals or categories of people on the basis of unequal access to scarce resources and social rewards

Front 26

Social inequality

Back 26

The unequal sharing of social rewards and resources

Front 27

Caste systems

Back 27

Resources are distributed on the basis of ascribed status - closed system

Front 28

Class system

Back 28

Basis of achieved status - open system

Front 29

Wealth, power, prestige

Back 29

Assets and income, ability to control behavior of others with or without their consent, respect

Front 30

Marx's class system theory

Back 30

Society is divided in 2 basic groups the bourgeoisie - those who had the means of production and the proletariats - those who only own their labor.

Front 31

Social class

Back 31

Grouping of people with similar levels of wealth power and prestige

Front 32

Functionalist theory of stratification

Back 32

Stratification is a necessary feature of the social structure. Certain roles in society must be performed if the system is to be maintained. Society ensures the roles will be filled by providing higher rewards for their performance according to skill and importance. Without varying rewards many jobs would not be filled and society would not function as usual

Front 33

Conflict theory of stratification

Back 33

Competition over scarce resources is the cause of social inequality. Stratification comes from class exploitation. Various groups within society compete with one another for scarce resources. Once a group gains power it is able to shape public policy and public opinion to its own advantage maintaining its position of power

Front 34

Gilbert-Kahn model of US social stratification (know the levels, names, percentages, jobs, incomes)

Back 34

1% capitalist class millionaire investors

14% upper middle class professionals 150-500

30% middle class semiprofessionals 70

30% working class retail 40

13% working poor laborers 25

12% under class unemployed/part-time 15

Front 35

Poverty

Back 35

Standard of living that is considered below the minimum level considered decent and reasonable - cultural universal but varies from society to society

Front 36

Poverty level

Back 36

Three times the cost of minimum food diet

Front 37

Poverty characteristics

Back 37

Less access to healthcare, less access to good housing, less money for food and knowledge about nutrition, shorter life expectancy, less access to good education, less ability to pay for college, more likely to get divorced, more likely to get arrested/convicted of crimes

Front 38

Welfare

Back 38

Money given from taxes to people in need, based on qualifications

Front 39

Subsidies

Back 39

Goods and services provided for the poor example school lunch assistance

Front 40

Functions of poverty

Back 40

Cheap dirty work, make life easier for the rich, creates jobs, The poor buy things others do not want, can be used to pull the legitimacy of conventional norms and justify the desirability of values, rich vicarious deviance, culture, status - someone has to be at the bottom, other poor step on the poor to reach middle-class, keep aristocracy busy, cost of change, politics, make socialism look bad