Unit 4 Ch. 13

Front 1

Flora

Back 1

Refers to microbiota where normally in nature flora refers to plants, and fauna refers to animals

Front 2

Resident flora

Back 2

Natural communities of microbes that become established in and on us

Front 3

Transient flora

Back 3

Microbes occupy the body for only short periods (hours two weeks)

Front 4

Symbiotic relationship

Back 4

Organisms exist together and that may or may not be a beneficial relationship

- mutualism- benifits both organisms

- commensailism- only benificial to one organism

- parasitism - one benifits, one is harmed

Front 5

Probiotics

Back 5

Introducing known microbes back into the body

Front 6

What type of bacteria is often found on the skin?

Back 6

Gram positive bacteria

Front 7

Staphylococcus aureus

Back 7

Lower GI

Front 8

Staphylococcus epidermis

Back 8

Bacteria found on the skin, conjuntiva, nose, pharynx , mouth , outer opening of the urethra, and the vagina.

Front 9

Streptococcus mutans

Back 9

Mouth

Front 10

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Back 10

50% pharynx and 50% mouth

Front 11

Enterobacteriaceae (E. Coli)

Back 11

Lower GI

Front 12

Bifidobacterium bifidum

Back 12

Lower GI

Front 13

Lactobacillus sp.

Back 13

Mouth and lower GI

Front 14

Where do newborns first get contaminated prior to birth.

Back 14

They are germ free prior, first exposure comes from the breaking of fetal membrane.

Front 15

Infection

Back 15

Invasion of pathogenic microbes may result in eventual disease.

Front 16

Disease

Back 16

Loss of homeostasis in the body from various causes.

Front 17

Pathogen

Back 17

A microbe that can cause disease

Front 18

True or primary pathogens

Back 18

Capable of causing disease in healthy persons with normal immune diseases

Front 19

Opportunistic pathogens

Back 19

Cause disease when the host defenses are compromised or when they grow in part of the body that is not natural to them

Front 20

Pathogenesis

Back 20

Stepwise progression of the host-pathogen events during disease. How does it get into the body and cause disease.

Front 21

Pathogenicity

Back 21

Inherent or genetic ability of a pathogen to inflict damage to host , may or may not occur or be expressed.

Front 22

Virulence

Back 22

The amount of variance factors being expressed by the microbe during specific host-pathogen interactions. What are the tools that makes this a pathogen.

Front 23

Virulence factors

Back 23

Physical / biochemical characteristics that enhance the ability to inflict damage and cause disease.

- factors that is used for mobility

- factors used for attachment

- factors that helped spread between tissue cells

- factors that help penetrate inside host tissue and kill cells

- factors that help overcome host defenses

Front 24

Key aspects of infection

Back 24

1. Entry into specific portal into body.

2. Successful journey to specific tissue.

3. Attachment to specific tissue

4. Colonization

5. Infect damage to cells and possibly spread.

Front 25

Exogenous agents

Back 25

Originate from source outside the body.

Front 26

Endogenous agents

Back 26

Already exist on or in the body (normal flora)

Front 27

Storch agents

Back 27

Things that can cross the plecenta

- syphilis

- taxoplasmosis

- other diseases (hep b, aids, and chlamydia )

- rubella

Cytomegalovirys and herpes simplex virus

Front 28

Colonization

Back 28

Population increase to infectious does or beyond while overcoming host defenses

Front 29

Inflict damage to cells and possibly spread

Back 29

Pathogens can be non-invasive or invasive (enter inside host cells)

Front 30

Antipgagocytic factors

Back 30

Used to avoid death be phaygocytosis. Causes phaygocytosis l, but blocks phaygocytes ability to cause death (microbes hiding inside)

Front 31

Leukocidins

Back 31

Toxic that destroy white blood cells

-Staphylococcus and Streptococcus spp.

Front 32

Slime layor or capsule

Back 32

Makes phaygocytosis difficult and imparts an ability to survive intracellular phaygocytosis

Front 33

Coagulase

Back 33

Forms fibrin clots (microbes hiding inside)

- Staphylococcus spp.

Front 34

Coagulase (staphylococcus sp.) (Virulence factor)

Back 34

Forms a fibrin clot in host, protects organism from phagocytic cells

Front 35

Streptokinase (Streptococcus sp.) (Virulence factor )

Back 35

Dissolves fibrin clots in host, allows spread of organism to other sites.

Front 36

Exoenzymes

Back 36

Dissolve extracellular barriers and penetrate through or between cells

Front 37

Toxins

Back 37

Produce toxins at the site of multiplication

Front 38

Hyaluronidase (bacterial enzyme aids in spreading)

Back 38

Gets past sent cells digests hyaluronic acid and allows tissue penitration. (Staphylococcus , Streptococcus, Clostridium )

Front 39

Hemolysin

Back 39

Dissolve host blood cells and release iron for bacterial metabolism(nutrient for organism) ( Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Clostridium)

Front 40

Bacterial toxins (Exotoxins)

Back 40

Get into the body and have specific targets lock and key fit.

Front 41

Bacterial toxins, (Endotoxins)

Back 41

Break up toxin gets into the body (toxin is not suposed to be there so causes general physiological effects not specific tissue.

Front 42

Know this information

Back 42

Effects on the body

Chemical composition

Fever stimulation

Typical sources

(Know general concept of endo and exo)

Front 43

Prodromal stage

Back 43

Vage feelings of discomfort nonspecific complaints.

Front 44

Piriod of invasion

Back 44

Step 3 ... multiplies at high levels, becomes well-established; more specific signs and symptoms.

Front 45

Incubation period

Back 45

Time from initial contact with the infectious agent to the appearance of the first symptom agent is multiplying but damage is insufficient to cause sometimes several hours to several years

Front 46

Convalescent period

Back 46

As person begins to respond to the infection, symptoms decline.

Front 47

Localized infection

Back 47

Microbes enter the body and remains confined to a specific tissue.

Front 48

Systemic infection

Back 48

Infection spreads to several sites and tissue fluid usually in the bloodstream.

Front 49

Mixed infection

Back 49

Several microbes grow simultaneously at the infection site.

Front 50

Primary infection

Back 50

Initial infection

Front 51

Secondary infection

Back 51

Another infection by a different microbe

Front 52

Sequelae

Back 52

Another infection from same microbe

Front 53

Acute infection

Back 53

Comes on rapidly, with severe but short-lived effects

Front 54

Chronic infections

Back 54

Progressing persist over a long period of time

Front 55

Signs

Back 55

What the doctor can detect or measure objective examples doctor feels warm skin doctor sees trembling.

Front 56

Symptoms

Back 56

What's a patient notices or feels subjective patient feels hot patient experiencing nervousness.

Front 57

What are the 6 biggest nosocomial infections?

Back 57

Urinary

Lower resp tract

Surgical wounds

Other

Skin

Blood

(In order from biggest % to smallest)

Front 58

Transmission patterns (Direct contact)

Back 58

Physical contact with infected individual/animal or large droplet that travel short distances. (Comes from reservoir - trensmision- individual)

Front 59

Transmission patterns (indirect contact)

Back 59

Passes from infected how to intermediate conveyor fomites, food, aerosols, droplet nuclei and then to another host. **can occur in the absence of the infected individual flash animal** route (reservoir - transfer- source- transfer -individual )

Front 60

Know these

Back 60

Disease occurrences