Unit 4-Cells

Front 1

Cell Theory

Back 1

1. Cells, or products made by cells, are the units of structure and function in organisms
2. They are what make something alive
3. All cells come from preexisting cells

Front 2

Made one of the first microscopes as a hobby.Dutch Drapery storeowner-not scientifically educated.Became first person to observe and describe microscopic organisms.

Back 2

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Front 3

- A Dutchman who Coined the term “cell” while viewing cork
- From Latin cella which means “storeroom” or “small container.”

Back 3

Robert Hooke

Front 4

- German botanist and started embryology.
- He stated that, “plants are made up of cells.”

Back 4

Matthias Schleiden

Front 5

- Created the term “cell theory”
- He stated that, “animals are also made of cells.”

Back 5

Theodore Schwann

Front 6

- A German pathologist who disagreed with spontaneous generation.
- Completed the thought behind the basic cell theory
- He stated that, “every cell comes from a cell.”

Back 6

Rudolf Virchow

Front 7

Cell Size

Back 7

Average 10-20 micrometers in diameter
Nucleus generally 1/4 to 1/2 the size of the cell

Front 8

Prokaryote Cells

Back 8

No true nucleus
Small cells; (0.3-5 micrometers)
Make up unicellular organisms;bacteria (Kingdom monera)

Front 9

functions of a prokaryote cell

Back 9

Decomposers
Autotrophs
antibiotics
more are beneficial than harmful

Front 10

Eukaryotic Cells

Back 10

larger than prokaryotic cells;
average 10-50 micrometers in diameter
more complex, advanced and specialized than prokaryotic cells

Front 11

Rigid Cell wall

Back 11

1. Made of lipids, carbohydrates, and protein
2. No cellulose

Front 12

Plasma membrane

Back 12

1. encloses the cell
2. directs traffic into and out of cell

Front 13

Mesosome

Back 13

1. enfolding of plasma membrane
2. may aid in secretion of particles and in DNA copying

Front 14

Single chromosome

Back 14

1. circular molecule of double stranded DNA

2. attached to plasma membrane and enclosed in nucleoid

Front 15

Plasmids

Back 15

smaller circular DNA molecules
2. consist of a few genes

Front 16

Organelle

Back 16

Any part of the cell that has its own structure and
Function
Compartmentalization increases functional efficiency by isolating specific processes
Division of labor

Front 17

Plasma Membrane

Back 17

1. Encloses the contents of the cell
2. directs traffic into and out of the cell

Front 18

Phospholipids

Back 18

Fatty acids are non-polar (hydrophobic) and the phosphate is Polar (hydrophilic)

Front 19

cell wall

Back 19

1. Present in plant cells only
2. Surrounds and protects plasma membrane
3. Provides support
4. Composed of stiff fibers and complex carbohydrates

Front 20

Cytoplasm

Back 20

Cellular material which houses organelles
Cytosol
protein rich, semifluid material Surrounds and bathes organelles

Front 21

Nucleus

Back 21

Genetic control center

Contains chromosomes (genetic information) made of DNA and protein

Nuclear envelope: two layers which enclose the nucleus

Front 22

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 22

System of membranes forming channels
2. connects organelles throughout cell
3. central role in biosynthesis reactions

Front 23

Rough ER

Back 23

studded with ribosomes

Front 24

SMooth ER

Back 24

not studded with ribosomes

Front 25

Ribosome’s

Back 25

1. small structures attached to ER
2. where protein synthesis occurs

Front 26

Golgi Apparatus

Back 26

Flattened, membranous structure

2. Prepare and package
macromolecules for delivery to other organelles

Front 27

Vesicles

Back 27

1. Spheres pinched off of golgi apparatus
2. Become export packages of the cell

Front 28

Lysosomes

Back 28

1. Site of intracellular digestion
2. Formed by budding of golgi apparatus
3. May leave the cell to attack foreign particles

Front 29

Vacuole

Back 29

1. Present in plant cells
2. Usually more than 50% of the total cell volume
3. stores water, nutrients, pigments, etc.

Front 30

Chloroplasts

Back 30

Present in plant cells only
Enclosed by a double membrane
Folded membranes inside form thylakoids, in which light absorbing pigments are embedded
Where photosynthetic reactions occur

Front 31

Mitochondria

Back 31

Enclosed by a double membrane
Inner membrane is highly folded
Where cellular respiration and ATP synthesis occur
Contain small amounts of DNA and RNA
Several hundred per cell

Front 32

Centrioles

Back 32

1. Present in animal cells only

2. Tubular structures which aid in cell
Reproduction

Front 33

Flagella and Cilia

Back 33

1. Extensions of cell surface

2. Used for locomotion or to interact with things outside the cell

3. Made of tubular proteins called microtubules

Front 34

Cytoskeleton

Back 34

1. Network of protein scaffolding

2. Provide shape, internal organization,
And movement for the cell

3. Holds organelles in place, allowing the cell to change shape

Front 35

Microfilaments

Back 35

1. Hollow microtubules which make up protein scaffolding
2. Solid but flexible