Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Why were anti-trust laws introduced from the 1890s? |
-Main anti-trust law was Sherman Act (1890) -Large amounts of unemployment due to surge of immigration -Holes were patched up in 1914 with FTC and Clayton act -(Democrats, mainly) did not like monopolies/cartels (Rockefeller Oil) -Anti-Trust laws intended to halt monopolies (successful in Rockefeller's case, as the big oil company split up into 7 smaller ones by 1911) |
|
|
Why did Theodore Roosevelt support Taft's 1908 presidential campaign yet run against him in 1912? |
-1908 - Taft was TR's Secretary of War from 1904 to 1908 (was trusted) -TR thought that Taft could carry forward Progressive Policies -However, Taft was more conservative, especially w/ tariffs -Roosevelt then despaired of him -TR then created Progressive/Bull Moose Party and was the closest every 3rd party candidate to ever win an election (W. Wilson won it, as the Republican party was split between TR and Taft) |
|
|
Why did the prohibition movement gain support between 1900 and 1920? |
-There were previous movements (Prohibition Party of 1869, Women's Christian Temperance Union of 1873, ASL in 1895) -ASL got support from lots of religious groups - KKK, NAACP, etc. -Weirdly enough, the South was the main pro-prohibition region -When WWI came, many beer brewers in the US were German -Conflict between US and Germany increased prohibition acceptance -18th amendment ratified in 1919 |
|
|
Why, in the late 19th century, did the US economy experience frequent crises and panics |
-Many reasons - economic, financial, political, and even psychological -Usually started with 'a run on the banks' -Late 19th century, banks were small and local. They lent money, which stimulated the economy to almost unsustainable levels -People then withdrew their funds out of anxiety, causing more people to withdraw money, causing the economy to strain and banks to close -Crises were mainly short-lived, until in 1873 Jay Cooke and Co. collapsed -Panic led to a depression |
|
|
Account for the rapid industrialization of the USA in the late 19th century |
-US economy grew at a great rate due to growth in the manufacturing industry - "the second Industrial Revolution" -New products provided - electrical goods and railroads were important -Cheap (mainly immigrant) labor produced goods at insane rates -Expanding US population provided a large market for the US -Foreign markets were also being opened up -Improving transport provided access to national market -Entrepreneurs could raise sufficient capital to invest in new technologies |
|
|
“The USA is the great melting pot, where all races are melting and reforming.” How accurate is this assertion about the place of immigrants in the USA in the early 20th century? |
-Taken from 1908 play, means that racial/ethnic identities are dissolved -Pro: Immigration @ all time high, Ellis Island was booming -Con: 'Hyphenated Americans' (Irish Americans) were criticized by TR and Wilson -Chinese immigrants were a problem (caused Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882) -WWI caused anti-German hatred -Red Scare of 1919-21 got us even closer to the 1924 restriction |
|
|
How radical were the political and constitutional reforms of the Progressive Era? |
-Four amendments (16-19) passed in 7 years -Federal income tax, direct senate elections, prohibition, womens rights -Radical=fundamental change in contrast to limited, piecemeal change -Most Progressive reforms tried to democratize US govt -Progressives focused on business intervention - fairly new -Supported civil policies (suffrage/prohibition) -Main focus was on Democratic reforms -Direct senator elections was from populist roots - fairly radical -More educated than populist party - probably why reforms were passed |
|
|
How far do you agree that the expansion of the railroad network was the main cause of the rapid growth of the American economy in the period from 1865 to 1914? |
-1870 had 50000 miles of track, 1890 had 163000 -Links between east/west coast became much faster -Economists argue that railroad caused wider economic growth -Ensured existence of proper natl market, reduced transport costs, widened market for large range of goods, stimulated iron steel and coal industries, its need for capital developed capital market (helped other industries) -However, railroads did not completely stimulate iron/steel industries |
|
|
How serious was the crisis facing American farmers in the late 19th century? |
-Farmers in West and South believed that it was very serious -They grew too much food (sometimes these were helped by environment) -Compared their struggles to those of banks -Farmers were almost always in debt - borrowed money to sow crops -Govt favored manufacturing over farming - farmers felt ignored -Republicans especially didn't help farmers (age of laissez faire) -Crisis was chronic - too many farmers used new methods to produce even more crops |
