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32 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Cell membrane structure: early theory
Proteins were sandwiched between 2 layers of phospholipid molecules
Cell membrane: problem
Since the phospholipid tails are hydrophobic (hate water) this theory did not explain how water can travel freely through membranes
Fluid mosaic model: accepted theory
There is a double layer of phospholipids but the proteins are scattered through the membrane (mosaic). The proteins float among the semi-fluid phospholipids (fluids)

- the proteins have polar and non polar regions which accounts for their placement among the phospholipid bilayer
Carbohydrate chains
Protein + carbohydrates = glycoprotein

Phospholipid + carbohydrate chain = glycolipid

They function as cell identification markers. A body will attack cells with the wrong markers
Example: organ rejections in transplants
Impermeable
Nothing passes through
Permeable
Most things pass through
Semi permeable
Smaller molecules pass through but not large ones
Selectively permeable
Only certain molecules can pass through
Cell membranes are selectively permeable ( also called differentially permeable)
Diffusion
Movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until evenly distributed. No membrane carrier, or ATP required
Solute
Made up of solid partials or molecules suspended in air or liquid
Osmosis
A special type of diffusion in which water moves from an area of low concentration across a membrane. No carrier or energy in the form of ATP are required
Hypertonic solutions
Solution with the greatest amount of solute compared to another solution
Hypotonic solutions
Solution with the least amount compared to another
Isotonic solutions
Two solutions with equal concentrations of solute to solvent
Tonicity
Refers to the concentration of a solute on a solution
Facilitated transport
Passive transport
- solute move across a membrane from and area of (high solute) to an area of (low solute) with the help of a carrier molecule. (Protein) no energy in the form of ATP is required
Example: glucose
Active transport
Solutes move from and area of (low solute) to an area of (high solute) across a membrane with the aid of a protein carrier molecule and ATP
Example of solute: lons such as Na+
Movement of the medium
Water or air currents speed up diffusion
Ex. Stirring cream and coffee
Movement of the medium
Water or air currents speed up diffusion
Ex. Stirring cream and coffee
Endocytosis
Process in which large materials enter a cell
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Movement of the medium
Water or air currents speed up diffusion
Ex. Stirring cream and coffee
Endocytosis
Process in which large materials enter a cell
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
A type of endocytosis in which whole cells, or bacteria, or cell fragments are taken in

Cell eating - very large pieces
Movement of the medium
Water or air currents speed up diffusion
Ex. Stirring cream and coffee
Endocytosis
Process in which large materials enter a cell
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
A type of endocytosis in which whole cells, or bacteria, or cell fragments are taken in

Cell eating - very large pieces
Pinocytosis
A type of endocytosis in which molecules such as a proteins are taken in (liquid)

Cell drinking - smaller larger pieces
Movement of the medium
Water or air currents speed up diffusion
Ex. Stirring cream and coffee
Endocytosis
Process in which large materials enter a cell
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
A type of endocytosis in which whole cells, or bacteria, or cell fragments are taken in

Cell eating - very large pieces
Pinocytosis
A type of endocytosis in which molecules such as a proteins are taken in (liquid)

Cell drinking - smaller larger pieces
Exocytosis
A process by which products or wastes exit a cell. Reverse of endocytosis