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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Substrated of Gluconeogenesis |
Lactate Glycerol Amino acids - Alanine is primary -> pyruvate and lactate - Not EVEN CHAIN FA!!! - But glycerols from FA are |
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Location of GNG |
Mitochondria and Cytosol Primarily in the Liver |
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Pyruvate Carboxylase - Fx |
Convert Pyruvate to OAA |
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glucose 6 phosphitase - Fx -Regualation - Location |
Removes P from Glucose 6-Phosphate -Located on ER - Regulated transcriptionally by cAMP |
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Fructose 1,6 bisphophitase - Fx - Regulation |
Removes phosphate from Fructose 1,6 to Fructose 6 -P - Essential to get glucose to blood stream from liver - Transcriptionally Regulated by cAMP - Allosterically regulated by F-2,6 -P |
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PEPCK -Fx -Regulation |
Converts OOA to PEP (Phosphoenol Pyruvate) Transcriptionally induced. High levels of CAMP |
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Pyruvate carboxylate - Fx - regualtion |
convert Pyruvate to OAA Activated by Acyetl CoA |
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Malate Aspartate |
Used to shuttle OAA to cytosol |
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PFK-1 -rEgualtion |
inhibited by ATP |
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Propyneyl CoA |
remnants of odd chain FA and can enter GNG though Succinyl CoA |
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Glutmate |
Can be converted to A-Ketoglutarate and then to OAA and then GNG |
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Fasted GNG |
Glucagon -> GPCR - > GMP -> PKA -> Activates - Glycogen Phosphorylase Kinase - HSL Inavtivates -Pyruvate Kinase -PFK2 |
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B-Oxidation and GNG |
B-O provides energy for GNG |
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Role of HSL |
Epinepeherine -Produces Glycerol -Produces Acetyl CoA -> Pryruvate Carboylase -Produces NADH -> Energy and inhibit PDC |
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Know this slide |
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Know this slide |
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Preferred substrates in fasted state - Brain - RBC - - Liver - - Adipose - - Muscle |
- brain - Glucose then Ketone - RBC - Glucose - Liver - FA (Acytl CoA) - Adipose - FA (Acytl CoA) - Muscle - FA (Acytl CoA) |
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Know this slide |
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ADH -Fx -Location |
- Converts Ethanol to Acetaldehyde (Toxon) and NADH - Cytosol |
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Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase -Fx -Location |
- Located in Mitochondria - produces NADH and Acetate from acetaldehyde |
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Causes of excessive alcohol |
-Gout -Hypoglycemia -Liver damage -Ketosis |
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Acetate |
Can be converted to acytl CoA Acetate + ATP + CoASH -> AcetylCoA |
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Chemical implications of high Ethanol |
Increased NADH - Reverse - Lactate -> Pyruvate - Malate ->OAA This decreases GNG -Inhibits B-Oxidation that decreases ATP -Inhibits TCA cycle at all key steps - A keto glutarate - Isocitrate - Malate |
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Ketone bodies and High Ethanol |
high Bhydroxybutarate Acetate isomerized to Acetone and blown off in lungs |
