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93 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Acceleration

Rate of change of velocity of an object

Acid

A substance that lowers the pH of water when added to it

Activation energy

Energy necessary for two colliding atoms of molecules to react

Anion

An atom with a negative charge as a result of gained electons

Adom

The smallest particle of matter that still has the properties of the element that makes up matter

Base

The substance that raises the pH of water when added to it

Batteries

Energy stored in chemical reactions that is released as electrical energy

Boiling point

Temperature at which substance changes from the liquid state to the gas

Catalyst

A substance that speeds up a reaction by lowering the activation energy, is not used up in the reaction

Cation

An atom with a positive charge as a result of having lost electrons

Chemical bond

Attractive force between atoms in a compound, formed by transferring or sharing electrons

Chemical change

A change that results in one or more new substances being produced

Chemical equation

Shows the formulas, states of matter, and proportions of products and reactants in the reaction

Chemical formula

Representation of the ratio of elements in a compound, using the element symbol and numerical subscriptions

chemical reaction

When the bonds of one or more reactants are broken, atoms rearrange, and bonds are formed, resulting in new products

Circuit

A closed loop containing at least one power source and one device connected by wires

Colliod

Heterogeneous mixture that does not settle or separate on its own

Combination reaction

Two or more elements or compounds reacting to form one compound- also known as synthesis reaction

Compound

Appear substance made by chemically bonding atoms in fixed ratios

Condense

to change from the gas state to the liquid state

Conduction

Energy movement from one location to another by contact

Covalent bond

Attractive force between atoms sharing 2 electrons

Convection

Energy movement from one location to another by movement of liquid or gas

Decomposition reaction

One compound reacting to form two or more elements or compounds

Distance

Measurement of the space between two points

Double bond

A covalent bond in which 4 electrons are shared

Electricity

Energy movement associated with an electrical current

Electromagnetic spectrum

The range of all frequencies of electromagnetic radiation, such as microwaves and visible light

Electron

A small common negatively charged particle in an atom, found outside the nucleus

Electron cloud

The region outside the nucleus in which electrons of different energy are likely to be found

Electrostatic attraction

Attraction between positive and negative charges of cations & anions

Element

Appear substance composed entirely of the same type of atom, represented by a symbol on the periodic table

Endothermic reaction

A reaction in which more heat is absorbed then released, lowers the temperature of its surroundings

Exothermic reaction

A reaction in which more heat is released then is absorbed, raises the temperature of its surroundings

Fluid friction

The resistance of an object's movement a through liquid or gas

Force

A push or pool, equal to the mass of an object times the acceleration acting on it

Freeze

To change from a liquid starte to the solid state

Frequency

The number of cycles of a wave of electromagnetic radiation that pass a point in one second

Friction

The resistance or opposition to motion

Fulcrum

The pivot point of a lever

Gas

State of matter that takes the shape of a volume of its container

Gravitational force

The force of attraction between any two objects the force of attraction between any two objects with Mass

Heterogenous

Matter with uniform composition

Hydroelectric

Electric power generated by turbines moved by water flowing downward

inclined plane

A simple machine consisting of a ramp

Ionic bond

Attractive force between two atoms as a result of electrons transferring from one to the other

Kinetic energy

Energy of motion

Law of conservation of matter

Matter or mass cannot be created or destroyed

Law of conservation of energy

Energy cannot be created or

Lever

A simple machine that consists of a bar that pivots about a point

Light energy

Energy contained in electromagnetic waves

Liquid

State of matter that takes the shape but not the volume of its container

Magnetic force

The force exerted between magnets

Mass

The amount of matter in an object

Melting point

Temperature at which substance changes from the solid state to the liquid state

Metalloids

Having properties of both metals and nonmetals, the elements between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table: B Si Ge As Sb Te At

Metals

Elements to the left of the metalloids on the periodic table, conductive, malleable, and shiny

Mixture

Matter containing more than one pure substance

Molecule

The smallest particle of a compound that still has properties of that compound, has atoms bonded together in the ratio given by the compounds formula

Momentum

A quantity of motion, equal to the mass of an object times its velocity

Net force

The sum of forces acting on an object , forces in the same direction are added, & opposite directions are subtracted

Neutron

A neutral particle in an atom, found inside the nucleus

Nonmetals

Elements to the right of the metalloids on the periodic table, non-conductive, brittle, and dull

Nonpolar

A molecule in which the electrons are shared equally through convalent bonds

Nuclear force

The attractive force between protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Nuclear power

Electric power generated by turbines moved by steam generated by the heat of the nuclear reactions

Nucleus

Central part of the atom, contains most of the atoms mass, as protons and neutrons

Periodic law

When elements are arranged in order by number of protons, groups with similar properties occur periodically- such as every eight elements

Periodic table of elements

Arrangement of the elements in order by number of protons in rows and columns, with each column of elements having similar properties

, pH scale

Scale of acidity from 0 -14, with 0 being most acidic and 14 being least acidic

physical change

I change that does not change the identity of the substance

Polar

A molecule in which the electrons are shared unequally through conveyor and bonds, producing slightly positive and negative poles

Potential energy

Stored energy, energy that can be released by changing it into another form

Product

Product or element that is the result of a chemical reaction

Proton

Positive particle in an atom, found inside the nucleus

Pulley

A simple machine consisting of a grooved wheel through which route passes

Radiation

Energy movement through space in the form of waves or particles

Reactant

A compound or element that is an ingredient in a chemical reaction

Reaction rate

How quickly or slowly reaction progresses

Rolling friction

the resistance of a round object movement

Sliding friction

The resistance to motion that exists between two objects sliding past one another

Solar

Electric energy generated by light energy from the Sun moving electrons through solar panels

Solid

A state of matter that takes neither the shape nor volume of its container

Solute

The component in a solution that is disovled

Solution

A homogeneous mixture of two or more pure substances

Solvent

The component in a solution that does the dissolving

static friction

The resistance of motion that exists between a stationary object and the surface of which it sits

Suspension

A heterogeneous mixture that settles or separates on its own

Synthesis reaction

Two or more elements or compounds reacting to form one compound - also known as combination reaction

Unshared electrons

Pairs of electrons in the outermost level of an atom that are not shared in a covalent bond with another atom

Velocity

The speed and direction of a moving object

Wavelength

Links from Peak to peak of a wave of electromagnetic radiation

Wind power

Electric power generated by turbines moved by the wind