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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Acceleration |
Rate of change of velocity of an object |
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Acid |
A substance that lowers the pH of water when added to it |
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Activation energy |
Energy necessary for two colliding atoms of molecules to react |
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Anion |
An atom with a negative charge as a result of gained electons |
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Adom |
The smallest particle of matter that still has the properties of the element that makes up matter |
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Base |
The substance that raises the pH of water when added to it |
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Batteries |
Energy stored in chemical reactions that is released as electrical energy |
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Boiling point |
Temperature at which substance changes from the liquid state to the gas |
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Catalyst |
A substance that speeds up a reaction by lowering the activation energy, is not used up in the reaction |
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Cation |
An atom with a positive charge as a result of having lost electrons |
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Chemical bond |
Attractive force between atoms in a compound, formed by transferring or sharing electrons |
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Chemical change |
A change that results in one or more new substances being produced |
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Chemical equation |
Shows the formulas, states of matter, and proportions of products and reactants in the reaction |
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Chemical formula |
Representation of the ratio of elements in a compound, using the element symbol and numerical subscriptions |
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chemical reaction |
When the bonds of one or more reactants are broken, atoms rearrange, and bonds are formed, resulting in new products |
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Circuit |
A closed loop containing at least one power source and one device connected by wires |
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Colliod |
Heterogeneous mixture that does not settle or separate on its own |
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Combination reaction |
Two or more elements or compounds reacting to form one compound- also known as synthesis reaction |
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Compound |
Appear substance made by chemically bonding atoms in fixed ratios |
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Condense |
to change from the gas state to the liquid state |
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Conduction |
Energy movement from one location to another by contact |
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Covalent bond |
Attractive force between atoms sharing 2 electrons |
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Convection |
Energy movement from one location to another by movement of liquid or gas |
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Decomposition reaction |
One compound reacting to form two or more elements or compounds |
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Distance |
Measurement of the space between two points |
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Double bond |
A covalent bond in which 4 electrons are shared |
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Electricity |
Energy movement associated with an electrical current |
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Electromagnetic spectrum |
The range of all frequencies of electromagnetic radiation, such as microwaves and visible light |
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Electron |
A small common negatively charged particle in an atom, found outside the nucleus |
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Electron cloud |
The region outside the nucleus in which electrons of different energy are likely to be found |
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Electrostatic attraction |
Attraction between positive and negative charges of cations & anions |
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Element |
Appear substance composed entirely of the same type of atom, represented by a symbol on the periodic table |
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Endothermic reaction |
A reaction in which more heat is absorbed then released, lowers the temperature of its surroundings |
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Exothermic reaction |
A reaction in which more heat is released then is absorbed, raises the temperature of its surroundings |
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Fluid friction |
The resistance of an object's movement a through liquid or gas |
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Force |
A push or pool, equal to the mass of an object times the acceleration acting on it |
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Freeze |
To change from a liquid starte to the solid state |
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Frequency |
The number of cycles of a wave of electromagnetic radiation that pass a point in one second |
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Friction |
The resistance or opposition to motion |
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Fulcrum |
The pivot point of a lever |
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Gas |
State of matter that takes the shape of a volume of its container |
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Gravitational force |
The force of attraction between any two objects the force of attraction between any two objects with Mass |
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Heterogenous |
Matter with uniform composition |
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Hydroelectric |
Electric power generated by turbines moved by water flowing downward |
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inclined plane |
A simple machine consisting of a ramp |
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Ionic bond |
Attractive force between two atoms as a result of electrons transferring from one to the other |
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Kinetic energy |
Energy of motion |
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Law of conservation of matter |
Matter or mass cannot be created or destroyed |
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Law of conservation of energy |
Energy cannot be created or |
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Lever |
A simple machine that consists of a bar that pivots about a point |
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Light energy |
Energy contained in electromagnetic waves |
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Liquid |
State of matter that takes the shape but not the volume of its container |
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Magnetic force |
The force exerted between magnets |
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Mass |
The amount of matter in an object |
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Melting point |
Temperature at which substance changes from the solid state to the liquid state |
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Metalloids |
Having properties of both metals and nonmetals, the elements between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table: B Si Ge As Sb Te At |
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Metals |
Elements to the left of the metalloids on the periodic table, conductive, malleable, and shiny |
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Mixture |
Matter containing more than one pure substance |
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Molecule |
The smallest particle of a compound that still has properties of that compound, has atoms bonded together in the ratio given by the compounds formula |
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Momentum |
A quantity of motion, equal to the mass of an object times its velocity |
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Net force |
The sum of forces acting on an object , forces in the same direction are added, & opposite directions are subtracted |
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Neutron |
A neutral particle in an atom, found inside the nucleus |
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Nonmetals |
Elements to the right of the metalloids on the periodic table, non-conductive, brittle, and dull |
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Nonpolar |
A molecule in which the electrons are shared equally through convalent bonds |
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Nuclear force |
The attractive force between protons and neutrons in the nucleus |
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Nuclear power |
Electric power generated by turbines moved by steam generated by the heat of the nuclear reactions |
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Nucleus |
Central part of the atom, contains most of the atoms mass, as protons and neutrons |
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Periodic law |
When elements are arranged in order by number of protons, groups with similar properties occur periodically- such as every eight elements |
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Periodic table of elements |
Arrangement of the elements in order by number of protons in rows and columns, with each column of elements having similar properties |
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, pH scale |
Scale of acidity from 0 -14, with 0 being most acidic and 14 being least acidic |
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physical change |
I change that does not change the identity of the substance |
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Polar |
A molecule in which the electrons are shared unequally through conveyor and bonds, producing slightly positive and negative poles |
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Potential energy |
Stored energy, energy that can be released by changing it into another form |
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Product |
Product or element that is the result of a chemical reaction |
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Proton |
Positive particle in an atom, found inside the nucleus |
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Pulley |
A simple machine consisting of a grooved wheel through which route passes |
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Radiation |
Energy movement through space in the form of waves or particles |
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Reactant |
A compound or element that is an ingredient in a chemical reaction |
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Reaction rate |
How quickly or slowly reaction progresses |
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Rolling friction |
the resistance of a round object movement |
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Sliding friction |
The resistance to motion that exists between two objects sliding past one another |
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Solar |
Electric energy generated by light energy from the Sun moving electrons through solar panels |
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Solid |
A state of matter that takes neither the shape nor volume of its container |
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Solute |
The component in a solution that is disovled |
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Solution |
A homogeneous mixture of two or more pure substances |
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Solvent |
The component in a solution that does the dissolving |
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static friction |
The resistance of motion that exists between a stationary object and the surface of which it sits |
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Suspension |
A heterogeneous mixture that settles or separates on its own |
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Synthesis reaction |
Two or more elements or compounds reacting to form one compound - also known as combination reaction |
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Unshared electrons |
Pairs of electrons in the outermost level of an atom that are not shared in a covalent bond with another atom |
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Velocity |
The speed and direction of a moving object |
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Wavelength |
Links from Peak to peak of a wave of electromagnetic radiation |
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Wind power |
Electric power generated by turbines moved by the wind |