Unit 3 Genetics

Front 1

DNA Poly lll

Back 1

Bind to rna primers and creates DNA from DNTPs

Front 2

DNA Poly l

Back 2

Replaces RNA primers with new DNA

Front 3

Helicase

Back 3

Unwinds DNA to create replication bubble.

Front 4

Single Stranded Binding Proteins (ssb p)

Back 4

Bind to unwinded dna to keep it from binding back to complimentary strand

Front 5

Toposisomerase

Back 5

Helps relieve supercoiling of DNA when begin unwinded

Front 6

RNA primase(DNA G)

Back 6

Creates short rna fragments on DNA

Front 7

DNA ligase

Back 7

Glues remaining gaps on DNA

Front 8

On DNA nucleotide where is the OH group attached?

Back 8

3'

Front 9

What is the complemaentry strand DNA 5' ATCGTTGA 3'

Back 9

5' TCAACGAT 3'

Front 10

Which takes more energy to break. GC or AT?

Back 10

GC

Front 11

What are the ingredients needed for PCR?

Back 11

Extracted dna, dNTPs, Taq polymerase, aqueous buffer(mgcl2), DNA primers

Front 12

What is across gel electrophoresis?

Back 12

A method using electric current to figure out long DNA is?

Front 13

Sanger Sequencing uses all ingredients like PCR except for an extra one what is it?

Back 13

ddNTPs a fluorecently labeled didieoxynucleotide triphosphate.

Front 14

Name examples of point mutations?

Back 14

Insertion, deletion, and substitution.

Front 15

Transition

Back 15

Replacment of same base pair. Purine to purine or pyrimidine to pyrimidine.

Front 16

Transversion

Back 16

Pyrimidine to purine and vice versa

Front 17

Missense mutation

Back 17

Change in 1 amino acid sequence

Front 18

Nonsense mutation

Back 18

Change in amino acid to a stop codon.

Front 19

Frameshit mutation

Back 19

Many amino acid changes most dangerous.

Front 20

What is strand slippage?

Back 20

When DNA have many errors and DNA proofreading dosent catch it.

Front 21

What enzymes are involved in nucleotide excision repair?

Back 21

Uvra uvrb uvrc DNA Poly 1 and ligasw

Front 22

Where are the consensques sequences located at.

Back 22

Usually located at the promoters

Front 23

In transcription what enzyme does bacteria like e.coli have that eukaryotes don't need.

Back 23

An rna polymerase core with a sigma subunit to help bind to promotor

Front 24

What is ro dependent termination.

Back 24

When an enzyme called ro protein needed to make DNA Poly to dissociate from terminator and stop transcription

Front 25

RNA Poly l

Back 25

Transcribe ribosomal rna

Front 26

RNA Poly ll

Back 26

Transcribe protein coding gene to mrna.

Front 27

Polyadenyation

Back 27

Adding a poly a tail to end of 3' mrna. CPSF bind to the poly a tail. CSIF cleave mrna from polymerase. PAP Binds to end of cleaved rna and add many adinines or A base. Then poly a binding proteins bind to the long string of As and you have a poly a tail.

Front 28

How does translation end in eukaryotes

Back 28

The torpedo method. When mrna is cleaved and a torpedo rnase is on the CTD will bind to remaining rna be digested and will knock out the poly ll out of the DNA

Front 29

CTP

Back 29

Carboxy terminal domin. Is the domin where the rnase is at unbinds when rna poly reaches termination

Front 30

Transesterfication

Back 30

When phosphoester bond is swapped or the 5' G of intron is bonded to the 2'A on the branch site

Front 31

TFllD

Back 31

Made of TAF and 2 TBP transcription factors bind to RNA poly ll to bind to DNA

Front 32

Explain transcription initation in eukaryotes

Back 32

TFllD bind to poly ll and make it bind to Tata box. Other transcription factors bind to the RNA poly ll and then they all leave and RNA poly ll starts synthesis of rna on template strand.

Front 33

PAP

Back 33

Polyadenlyate polymerase. Bind to cleaved mrna and add many As

Front 34

SnRNA

Back 34

Small nuclear rna. Part of splicosome help with removal of introns.