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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Types of tumor antigen: Given an example of products of mutated genes
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Mutated tumor supressor genes (p53, present in 50% of human tumors)
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Types of tumor antigen: Overexpressed or aberrantly expressed cellular (self) proteins
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Overexpressed: tyrosinase in melanoma
Aberrantly expressed: MAGE antigens, expressed on variety of tumor types |
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Types of tumor antigen: Types of tumor antigen: Given an example of proteins produced by oncogenic viruses
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HPV and EBV viral proteins
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Types of tumor antigen: Given an example of altered cell surface glycolipidsglycoproteins (overexpressed or abnormal forms)
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Overexpressed: i.e. certain gangliosides in melanoma
Abnormal forms: hyperglycosylated mucin, MUC-I, in many breast, colon and pancreatic cancers |
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Types of tumor antigen: Given an example of differentiation antigens
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CD20 or Ig idiotypes in B-cell lymphoma; prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
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Significance of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
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Elevated in cancers of colon, pancreas, stomach and breast (reactivated)
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Significance of alphoa-fetoprotein (AFP)
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Indicator of advanced liver cancer or recurrence after treatment
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Significance of prostate specific antigen)
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Serum PSA elevated in prostate cancer
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Which three nematode organisms infect by ingestion
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Enterobius, Ascaris, Trichinella
You'll get sick if you EAT these |
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Which three nematode organisms infect cutaneously
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Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, Necator
These get into your feet from the SANd |
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What is the most common human worm infection?
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Ascaris lumbricoides; eggs are visible in feces; causes intestinal infection
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Toxacara Life Cycle
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Eggs in feces from cats/dogs, infect soil, eggs ingested by cats, dogs, or small mammals or passed on to humans where larvae migrate through tissue and life cycle ends
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What is notable about toxacara cati or canis develoopment in humans?
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Larvae do not develop into adults in humans; stool examination would not detect toxocara eggs (this is why the life cycle ends at humans)
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The finding of ascaris or trichuris eggs in feces increases the probability of what organism in the tissues?
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Toxacara
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Which worm is distinguished by "shoulders around the operculum and a tiny knob at one end"
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Opistharcis Sinesis
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a veterinarian from new zealand who works with sheep and dogs develops high fever, chills, jaundice, RUQ. what is the chief suspected organism?
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Echinococcus Granulosus
Causes liver cysts |
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What will be found in "hydatid sand" aspirated from a liver cyst?
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Multiple protoscolices, each of which has hooklets; if such a cyst ruptures it can cause a dysseminated infection and anaphylaxis
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Four sites of portacaval anastamosis?
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1. esophageal (varcies)
2. Umbilical (caput medusa) 3. Rectal (hemorrhoids) 4. various retroperitoneal (ascites) |
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How do metastases travel to the liver?
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Portal veins
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How do metastases invade the lympho nodes?
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Metastatic tumor cells from the colon enter the lymphatics = lymph nodes involvement
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A patient has an enlarged, hard node within the supraclavicular fossa. What is this an strong indicator of?
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virchow's node: strong indicator for gastric cancer that has spread through the lymph system
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What is Mecekel's diverticulum relationship to the umbilicus pertinent?
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Some midgut GI loop herniates into the umbilical cord but returns to the abdominal cavity by the 10th week. In MD, some of the duct does not regress.
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Taenia Solium; scolex
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