Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Autotrophs |
Self feeders |
|
|
Phototrophic autotrophs |
Use CO2 as carbin source, obtain energy from the sun |
|
|
Site of photosynthesis |
Chloroplasts |
|
|
Chloroplasts |
Double membrane wrapped around stoma |
|
|
Grana |
Form the thylakoid membrane system |
|
|
Long wave length = |
Low energy |
|
|
Short wavelength |
High energy |
|
|
Electromagnetic spectrum |
Visible light, red lowest energy, violet highest |
|
|
What are pigments |
Absorb various wavelengths of visible light |
|
|
What colors do chlorophyll absorb |
Violet, blue, and red light |
|
|
Chlorophyll A |
Main photosynthetic pigment |
|
|
Chlorophyll B |
Other pigments absorb light energy & transfer it to chlorophyll A |
|
|
Carotenoids |
Absorb violet & blue, reflect red, orange, and yellow Less abundant in green leaves |
|
|
Phycobilins |
Reflect red & blue, found in red algae and cyanobacteria |
|
|
Light dependent reactions |
-Occur in the grana -Pigments absorb light and give up e- -ATP & NADPH are formed to run the light independent -pigments that give up e- get replacements through splitting water |
|
|
Photosytems |
Hundreds of pigment molecules Absorb photons & this causes one of their electrons to jump levels |
|
|
How is ATP produced? |
-Through chemiosmosis -When water splits H- in thylakoid flow into stroma through ATP synthase and ATP is produced |
|
|
Other names for light independent reactions |
Calvin cycle, C3 pathway, dark reactions |
|
|
Light Independent Reactions |
-Occurs in stroma of chloroplasts -Fixes CO2 into PGAL and then into glucose |
|
|
Alternate photosynthetic pathways |
C3: calvin cycle, light independent reaction C4: happens in regions with higher temperatures, stomata must close to save water CAM: found in extremely hot and dry environments, open stomata at night |
|
|
C4 process |
First product is 4 carbon compound 1. Mesophyll cells fix CO2 into oxaloacetate 2. Oxaloacetatevis transferred to bundle sheath cells around the leaf vein, CO2 is released and fixed again in the C3 pathway |
|
|
CAM process |
Open stomata at night and fix CO2 at night Intermediate is stored in central vacuole for next day |
|
|
Breaking down glucose |
1. Glycolysis: glucose—>2pyruvic acid+2NADH+4ATP 2. Aerobic pathway: pyruvic acid loses CO2 and becomes acetyl CO-a a. Acetyl CoA enters krebs and. Joins with 4-C to make citric acid 3. Transport system: electrons carried by NADH & FADH2 enter the system and ATP is formed by chemiosmosis |
|
|
Whats the role of oxygen is aerobic respiration? |
To accept electrons and hydrogen ions and thevend of the e- transport system |
|
|
Anaerobic respiration |
Occurs when a cell obtains energy from the breakdown of food molecules in the absence of oxygen |
|
|
Alcoholic fermentation |
Cells convert pyruvatee formed in glycolysis into ethyl alcohol |
|
|
Lactic acid fermentation |
In muscle cells of higher animals, muscles use O2 rapidly bc energy requirements are high 1. H accumulates and pyruvic acid formed in glucolysis is converted to lactic acid |
|
|
Catabolism |
Degradative reactions |
|
|
Anabolism |
Synthetic reactions |
