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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fontannels
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Broad are, or soft spots, consisiting of a strong band of connective tissue contigous with cranial bones and located at the junctions of the bones
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Molding
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Overlapping of cranial bones or shaping of the fetal head to accommodate and conform to the bony and soft parts of the mother's birth canal during labor
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Presentation
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That part of the fetus that first enters the pelvis and lies over the inlet; may be head, face, breech, or shoulder
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Presenting part
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That part of the fetus that lies closet to the internal os of the cervix
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Vertex
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Crown, or top, of the head
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Lie
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Relationship existing between the long axis of the fetus and the long axis of the mother; in a longitudinal lie, the fetus lying lengthwise or vertically, whereas in a transverse lie, the fetus is lying crosswise or horizontally in the uterus
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Attitude
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Relation of the fetal parts to each other in the uterus
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Biparietal Diameter
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Largest transverse diameter of the fetal head; measured between the parietal bones
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Suboccipitobregmatic Diameter
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Smallest diameter of the fetal head; follows a line drawn from the middle of the anterior fontanel to the undersurface of the occipital bone
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Position
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Relationship of a reference point on the presenting part of the fetus, such as the occiput, sacrum, chin, scapula, to its location in the front, back, or sides of the maternal pelvis
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Station
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Relationship of the presenting fetal part to an imaginary line drawn between the ischial spines of the pelvis
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Engagement
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In obstetrics, the entrance of the fetal presenting part into the superior plevic strait and the beginning of the descent through the pelvic canal
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Effacement
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Thinning and shortening or obliteration of the cervix that occurs during late pregnancy of labor or both
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Dilation
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Stretching of the external os from an opening a few millimeters in size to an opening large enough to allow the passage of the fetus
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Ferguson reflex
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Reflex contractions (urge to push) of the uterus after stimulation of the cervix
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Valsalva maneuver
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Any forced expiratory effort against a closed airway, such as holding one's breath and tightening the abdominal muscles
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Lightening
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Sensation of decreased abdominal distention produced by uterine descent into the pelvic cavity as the fetal presenting part settles into the pelvis; usually occurs 2 weeks before the onset of labor in nulliparas
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asynclitism
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Oblique presentation of the fetal head at the superior strait of the pelvis; the pelvic planes and those of the fetal head are not parallel
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Analgesia
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Absence of pain without loss of consciousness
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Anethesia
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Partial or complete absence of sensation with or without LOC
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Acceleration
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Increase infetal heart rate; usually interpreted as a ressuring sign
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Amnioinfusion
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Infusion of normal saline warmed to body temp through an intrauterine cath into uterine cavity in an attempt to increase the fluid around the umbilical cord and prevent compression during uterine contractions
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Baseline fetal heart rate
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Ave. FHR during a 10 min period that excludes periodic and episodic changes and periods of marked variability
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Bradycardia
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Baseline FHR below 110 bpm
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Deceleration
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Slowing of FHR attributed to a parasympathetic response and described in relation to uterine contractions.
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Early Deceleration
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A visually apparent gradual decrease of FHR before the peak of a contraction and return to baseline as the contraction ends; caused by fetal head compression
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Late deceleration
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A visually apparent gradual decrease of FHR with the lowest point of the deceleration occuring after the peak of the contraction and returning to baseline after the contraction ends; caused by uteroplacental insufficiency
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Variable deceleration
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a visual abrupt decrease in FHR below the baseline occuring any time during the uterine contracting phase and caused by compression of the umbilical cord.
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Electronic fetal monitoring
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Electronic surveillance of FHR by external and internal methods
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Episodic changes
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Changes from baseline paterns in the FHR that are not associated with uterine contractions
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Hypoxemia
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Reduction inarterial PO2 resulting in metabolic acidosis by forcing anaerobic glycolysis, pulmonary vasoconstriction, and direct cellular damage
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Hypoxia
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Insufficient availbility of oxygen to meet the metabolic needs of the body tissue
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Intermittent ausculation
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Listening to fetal heart sounds at perodic intervals using nonelectronic of ultrsound devices placed on the materanl abdomen
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Nonreassuring FHR patterns
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FHR patterns that indicate the fetus is not well oxygenated and requires intervention
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Periodic changes
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Changes from baseline of the fetal heart rate that occur with uterine contractions
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tachycardia
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Baseline FHR above 160 BMP
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Tocolysis
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Inhibition of uterine contractions through adminstration of meds; used as an adjunct to other interventions in the management of fetal compromise related to increased uterine activity
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Uteroplacental insufficiency
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Decline in placentalfunction leading to fetal hypoxia and acidosis; evidence by late FHR decelerations inresponse to uterine contractions
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Variabilty
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Normal irregularity of fetal cardiac rhythm or fluctuations from the baseline FHR of two cycles or more
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Active phase
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Phase in the first stage of labor when the cervix dilates from 4 to 7
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Amniotomy
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Artificial rupture of the fetal membranes using a plastic amnihook or surgical clamp
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Bloody or pink show
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Blood-tinged mucoid vaginal discharge that originates in the cervix and indicates passage of the mucous plug(operculum) as the cervix ripens before labor and dilates during labor; it increases as labor progresses
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Crowning
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Phase in the descent of the fetus when the top of the head can be seen at the vaginal orfice as the widest part of the head(biparetal diameter) detends the vulva just before birth
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Doula
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Experienced female assistant hired to give the woman support during labor and birth
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Episiotomy
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Surgical incision of the perineum at the end of the second stage of labor to facilitate birth and to avoid laceration of the perineum
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Fern test
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The appearance of a fernlike pattern found on microscopic examination of certain fluids such as amniotic fluid
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First stage of labor
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Stage of labor from the onset of regular uterine contractions to full effacement and dilation of the cervix
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Latent phase
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Phase in the first stage of labor when the cervix dilates from 0 to 3
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Leopoid maneuvers
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Four maneuvers for diagnosing the fetal position by external palpation of the mother's abdomen
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Lithotomy position
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Position in which the women lies on her back with her knees flexed and with abducted thighs drawn up toward her chest; stirrups attached to an examination table can be used to faciliate assuming and maintaining this position
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Nitrazine test
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Evaulation of body fluids using a test strip to determine the fluid's pH; urine will exhibit an acidic result, and amniotic fluid will exhibit an alkaline result
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Nuchal cord
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Encircling of fetal neck by one or more loops of umbilical cord
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Ritgen maneuver
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Technique used to control the birth of the head; upward pressure from the coccygeal region to extend the head during the actual birth
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ROM
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Integrity of the amniotic membranes is broken either spontaneously or articially
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Second stage of labor
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Stage of labor from full dilation of the cervix to the birth of the baby
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SROM
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Rupture of membranes by natural means, most often during labor
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Third stage of labor
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Stage of labor from the birth of the baby to the separation and expulsion of the placenta
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Transition phase
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Phase in the first stage of labor when the cervix dilates from 8 to 10
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Uterine contractions
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Primary powers of labor that act involuntarily to dialate and efface the cervix, expel the fetus, facilitate separation of the placenta and prevent hemorrhage
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Nitrazine Test
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Evaluation of body fluids using a test strip to determine the fluids pH; urine will exhibit an acidic result; and amniotic fluid exhibit an alkaline result
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Nuchal Cord
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Encircling of fetal neck by one or more loos of umbilical cord
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Ritgen maneuver
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Technique used to control the birth of the head; upward pressure from the coccygeal region to extend the head during the actual birth
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ROM
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Intergrity of the amniotic membranes is broken either spontaneously or artificially (amniotomy)
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Second stage of labor
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Stage of labor from full dilation of the cervix to the birth of the baby
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Third stage of labor
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Stage of labor from the birth of the baby to the separation and expulsion of the placenta
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Transition phase
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Phase in the first stage of labor when the cervix dilates from 8 to 10
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Uterine contractions
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Primary powers of labor that act involuntarily to dilate and efface the cervix, expel the fetus, facilitate separation of the placenta, and prevent hemorrhage
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Endometritis
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Postpartum uterine infection, often beginning at the site of the placental implantation
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Hemorrhagic(hypovolemic)Shock
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Clinical condition in which the peripheral blood flow is inadequate to return sufficient blood to the heart for normal function, particularly O2 transport to organs or tissue
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Inversion of the uterus
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Condition in which the uterus is turned inside out so that the fundus intrudes into the cervix or vagina
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Mastitis
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Infection in a breast, usually confined to a milk duct, characterized by influenza-like symptoms and redness and tenderness in the affected breast
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Mood disorders
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disorders that have a disturbance in the prevailing emotional state as the dominate feature; cause is unknown
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Pelvic relaxation
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Refers to the lengthening and weakening of the fascial supports of the pelvic structures
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Postpartum Depression(PPD)
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Depression occuring within 4 weeks of childbirth. lasting longer than postpartum blues and characterized by a variety of symptoms that interfere with activities of daily living and care of the baby
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Postpartum Hemorrhage(PPH)
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Excessive bleeding after childbirth; traditionally defined as a loss of 500ml or more after a vaginal birth and 1000ml after a c-section
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Puerperal infection
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Infection of the pelvic organs during the postbirth period; also called postpartum infection
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subinvolution
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Failure of a part(uterus) to reduce to its normal size and condition after enlargement from functional activity
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Thrombophlebitis
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Inflammation of a vein with secondary clot formation
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Uterine Atony
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Relaxation of uterus; leads to postpartum hemorrhage
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