Unit 3

Front 1

Fontannels

Back 1

Broad are, or soft spots, consisiting of a strong band of connective tissue contigous with cranial bones and located at the junctions of the bones

Front 2

Molding

Back 2

Overlapping of cranial bones or shaping of the fetal head to accommodate and conform to the bony and soft parts of the mother's birth canal during labor

Front 3

Presentation

Back 3

That part of the fetus that first enters the pelvis and lies over the inlet; may be head, face, breech, or shoulder

Front 4

Presenting part

Back 4

That part of the fetus that lies closet to the internal os of the cervix

Front 5

Vertex

Back 5

Crown, or top, of the head

Front 6

Lie

Back 6

Relationship existing between the long axis of the fetus and the long axis of the mother; in a longitudinal lie, the fetus lying lengthwise or vertically, whereas in a transverse lie, the fetus is lying crosswise or horizontally in the uterus

Front 7

Attitude

Back 7

Relation of the fetal parts to each other in the uterus

Front 8

Biparietal Diameter

Back 8

Largest transverse diameter of the fetal head; measured between the parietal bones

Front 9

Suboccipitobregmatic Diameter

Back 9

Smallest diameter of the fetal head; follows a line drawn from the middle of the anterior fontanel to the undersurface of the occipital bone

Front 10

Position

Back 10

Relationship of a reference point on the presenting part of the fetus, such as the occiput, sacrum, chin, scapula, to its location in the front, back, or sides of the maternal pelvis

Front 11

Station

Back 11

Relationship of the presenting fetal part to an imaginary line drawn between the ischial spines of the pelvis

Front 12

Engagement

Back 12

In obstetrics, the entrance of the fetal presenting part into the superior plevic strait and the beginning of the descent through the pelvic canal

Front 13

Effacement

Back 13

Thinning and shortening or obliteration of the cervix that occurs during late pregnancy of labor or both

Front 14

Dilation

Back 14

Stretching of the external os from an opening a few millimeters in size to an opening large enough to allow the passage of the fetus

Front 15

Ferguson reflex

Back 15

Reflex contractions (urge to push) of the uterus after stimulation of the cervix

Front 16

Valsalva maneuver

Back 16

Any forced expiratory effort against a closed airway, such as holding one's breath and tightening the abdominal muscles

Front 17

Lightening

Back 17

Sensation of decreased abdominal distention produced by uterine descent into the pelvic cavity as the fetal presenting part settles into the pelvis; usually occurs 2 weeks before the onset of labor in nulliparas

Front 18

asynclitism

Back 18

Oblique presentation of the fetal head at the superior strait of the pelvis; the pelvic planes and those of the fetal head are not parallel

Front 19

Analgesia

Back 19

Absence of pain without loss of consciousness

Front 20

Anethesia

Back 20

Partial or complete absence of sensation with or without LOC

Front 21

Acceleration

Back 21

Increase infetal heart rate; usually interpreted as a ressuring sign

Front 22

Amnioinfusion

Back 22

Infusion of normal saline warmed to body temp through an intrauterine cath into uterine cavity in an attempt to increase the fluid around the umbilical cord and prevent compression during uterine contractions

Front 23

Baseline fetal heart rate

Back 23

Ave. FHR during a 10 min period that excludes periodic and episodic changes and periods of marked variability

Front 24

Bradycardia

Back 24

Baseline FHR below 110 bpm

Front 25

Deceleration

Back 25

Slowing of FHR attributed to a parasympathetic response and described in relation to uterine contractions.

Front 26

Early Deceleration

Back 26

A visually apparent gradual decrease of FHR before the peak of a contraction and return to baseline as the contraction ends; caused by fetal head compression

Front 27

Late deceleration

Back 27

A visually apparent gradual decrease of FHR with the lowest point of the deceleration occuring after the peak of the contraction and returning to baseline after the contraction ends; caused by uteroplacental insufficiency

Front 28

Variable deceleration

Back 28

a visual abrupt decrease in FHR below the baseline occuring any time during the uterine contracting phase and caused by compression of the umbilical cord.

Front 29

Electronic fetal monitoring

Back 29

Electronic surveillance of FHR by external and internal methods

Front 30

Episodic changes

Back 30

Changes from baseline paterns in the FHR that are not associated with uterine contractions

Front 31

Hypoxemia

Back 31

Reduction inarterial PO2 resulting in metabolic acidosis by forcing anaerobic glycolysis, pulmonary vasoconstriction, and direct cellular damage

Front 32

Hypoxia

Back 32

Insufficient availbility of oxygen to meet the metabolic needs of the body tissue

Front 33

Intermittent ausculation

Back 33

Listening to fetal heart sounds at perodic intervals using nonelectronic of ultrsound devices placed on the materanl abdomen

Front 34

Nonreassuring FHR patterns

Back 34

FHR patterns that indicate the fetus is not well oxygenated and requires intervention

Front 35

Periodic changes

Back 35

Changes from baseline of the fetal heart rate that occur with uterine contractions

Front 36

tachycardia

Back 36

Baseline FHR above 160 BMP

Front 37

Tocolysis

Back 37

Inhibition of uterine contractions through adminstration of meds; used as an adjunct to other interventions in the management of fetal compromise related to increased uterine activity

Front 38

Uteroplacental insufficiency

Back 38

Decline in placentalfunction leading to fetal hypoxia and acidosis; evidence by late FHR decelerations inresponse to uterine contractions

Front 39

Variabilty

Back 39

Normal irregularity of fetal cardiac rhythm or fluctuations from the baseline FHR of two cycles or more

Front 40

Active phase

Back 40

Phase in the first stage of labor when the cervix dilates from 4 to 7

Front 41

Amniotomy

Back 41

Artificial rupture of the fetal membranes using a plastic amnihook or surgical clamp

Front 42

Bloody or pink show

Back 42

Blood-tinged mucoid vaginal discharge that originates in the cervix and indicates passage of the mucous plug(operculum) as the cervix ripens before labor and dilates during labor; it increases as labor progresses

Front 43

Crowning

Back 43

Phase in the descent of the fetus when the top of the head can be seen at the vaginal orfice as the widest part of the head(biparetal diameter) detends the vulva just before birth

Front 44

Doula

Back 44

Experienced female assistant hired to give the woman support during labor and birth

Front 45

Episiotomy

Back 45

Surgical incision of the perineum at the end of the second stage of labor to facilitate birth and to avoid laceration of the perineum

Front 46

Fern test

Back 46

The appearance of a fernlike pattern found on microscopic examination of certain fluids such as amniotic fluid

Front 47

First stage of labor

Back 47

Stage of labor from the onset of regular uterine contractions to full effacement and dilation of the cervix

Front 48

Latent phase

Back 48

Phase in the first stage of labor when the cervix dilates from 0 to 3

Front 49

Leopoid maneuvers

Back 49

Four maneuvers for diagnosing the fetal position by external palpation of the mother's abdomen

Front 50

Lithotomy position

Back 50

Position in which the women lies on her back with her knees flexed and with abducted thighs drawn up toward her chest; stirrups attached to an examination table can be used to faciliate assuming and maintaining this position

Front 51

Nitrazine test

Back 51

Evaulation of body fluids using a test strip to determine the fluid's pH; urine will exhibit an acidic result, and amniotic fluid will exhibit an alkaline result

Front 52

Nuchal cord

Back 52

Encircling of fetal neck by one or more loops of umbilical cord

Front 53

Ritgen maneuver

Back 53

Technique used to control the birth of the head; upward pressure from the coccygeal region to extend the head during the actual birth

Front 54

ROM

Back 54

Integrity of the amniotic membranes is broken either spontaneously or articially

Front 55

Second stage of labor

Back 55

Stage of labor from full dilation of the cervix to the birth of the baby

Front 56

SROM

Back 56

Rupture of membranes by natural means, most often during labor

Front 57

Third stage of labor

Back 57

Stage of labor from the birth of the baby to the separation and expulsion of the placenta

Front 58

Transition phase

Back 58

Phase in the first stage of labor when the cervix dilates from 8 to 10

Front 59

Uterine contractions

Back 59

Primary powers of labor that act involuntarily to dialate and efface the cervix, expel the fetus, facilitate separation of the placenta and prevent hemorrhage

Front 60

Nitrazine Test

Back 60

Evaluation of body fluids using a test strip to determine the fluids pH; urine will exhibit an acidic result; and amniotic fluid exhibit an alkaline result

Front 61

Nuchal Cord

Back 61

Encircling of fetal neck by one or more loos of umbilical cord

Front 62

Ritgen maneuver

Back 62

Technique used to control the birth of the head; upward pressure from the coccygeal region to extend the head during the actual birth

Front 63

ROM

Back 63

Intergrity of the amniotic membranes is broken either spontaneously or artificially (amniotomy)

Front 64

Second stage of labor

Back 64

Stage of labor from full dilation of the cervix to the birth of the baby

Front 65

Third stage of labor

Back 65

Stage of labor from the birth of the baby to the separation and expulsion of the placenta

Front 66

Transition phase

Back 66

Phase in the first stage of labor when the cervix dilates from 8 to 10

Front 67

Uterine contractions

Back 67

Primary powers of labor that act involuntarily to dilate and efface the cervix, expel the fetus, facilitate separation of the placenta, and prevent hemorrhage

Front 68

Endometritis

Back 68

Postpartum uterine infection, often beginning at the site of the placental implantation

Front 69

Hemorrhagic(hypovolemic)Shock

Back 69

Clinical condition in which the peripheral blood flow is inadequate to return sufficient blood to the heart for normal function, particularly O2 transport to organs or tissue

Front 70

Inversion of the uterus

Back 70

Condition in which the uterus is turned inside out so that the fundus intrudes into the cervix or vagina

Front 71

Mastitis

Back 71

Infection in a breast, usually confined to a milk duct, characterized by influenza-like symptoms and redness and tenderness in the affected breast

Front 72

Mood disorders

Back 72

disorders that have a disturbance in the prevailing emotional state as the dominate feature; cause is unknown

Front 73

Pelvic relaxation

Back 73

Refers to the lengthening and weakening of the fascial supports of the pelvic structures

Front 74

Postpartum Depression(PPD)

Back 74

Depression occuring within 4 weeks of childbirth. lasting longer than postpartum blues and characterized by a variety of symptoms that interfere with activities of daily living and care of the baby

Front 75

Postpartum Hemorrhage(PPH)

Back 75

Excessive bleeding after childbirth; traditionally defined as a loss of 500ml or more after a vaginal birth and 1000ml after a c-section

Front 76

Puerperal infection

Back 76

Infection of the pelvic organs during the postbirth period; also called postpartum infection

Front 77

subinvolution

Back 77

Failure of a part(uterus) to reduce to its normal size and condition after enlargement from functional activity

Front 78

Thrombophlebitis

Back 78

Inflammation of a vein with secondary clot formation

Front 79

Uterine Atony

Back 79

Relaxation of uterus; leads to postpartum hemorrhage