Unit 2 Vocab

Front 1

Age of Enlightenment

Back 1

European politics, philosophy, science and communications were radically reoriented during the course of the “long 18th century” (1685-1815) as part of a movement referred to by its participants as the Age of Reason, or simply the Enlightenment.

Front 2

Charter

Back 2

a written grant by a country's legislative or sovereign power, by which an institution such as a company, college, or city is created and its rights and privileges defined.

Front 3

Parliament

Back 3

the highest legislature, consisting of the sovereign, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons.

Front 4

Compact

Back 4

The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was written by the male passengers of the Mayflower, consisting of separatist Congregationalists who called themselves "Saints", and adventurers and tradesmen, most of whom were referred to by the Separatists as "Strangers".

Front 5

Stamp Act

Back 5

an act of the British Parliament in 1756 that exacted revenue from the American colonies by imposing a stamp duty on newspapers and legal and commercial documents. Colonial opposition led to the act's repeal in 1766 and helped encourage the revolutionary movement against the British Crown.

Front 6

Declaratory Act

Back 6

The American Colonies Act 1766 (6 Geo 3 c 12), commonly known as the Declaratory Act, was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain, which accompanied the repeal of the Stamp Act 1765 and the changing and lessening of the Sugar Act.

Front 7

Townshend Revenue Act

Back 7

A series of measures introduced into the English Parliament by Chancellor of the Exchequer CharlesTownshend in 1767, the Townshend Acts imposed duties on glass, lead, paints, paper and tea imported into the colonies.

Front 8

Quartering Acts

Back 8

Quartering Act is a name given to a minimum of two Acts of British Parliament in the local governments of the American colonies to provide the British soldiers with any needed accommodations or housing. It also required colonists to provide food for any British soldiers in the area.

Front 9

Loyalists

Back 9

Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War. At the time they were often called Tories, Royalists, or King's Men; Patriots called them "persons inimical to the liberties of America".

Front 10

Patriots

Back 10

a person who vigorously supports their country and is prepared to defend it against enemies or detractors.

Front 11

John Locke

Back 11

John Locke FRS was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism"

Front 12

Thomas Hobbes

Back 12

Thomas Hobbes, in some older texts Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, was an English philosopher, best known today for his work on political philosophy

Front 13

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Back 13

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Francophone Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of the 18th century.

Front 14

Glorious Revolution

Back 14

The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland and James II of Ireland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau

Front 15

English Bill of Rights

Back 15

The English Bill of Rights is an act that the Parliament of England passed on December 16, 1689.

Front 16

Common Law

Back 16

the body of English law as adopted and modified separately by the different states of the US and by the federal government.

Front 17

Jamestown

Back 17

The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. William Kelso writes that Jamestown "is where the British Empire began ..

Front 18

House of Burgesses

Back 18

the lower house of the colonial Virginia legislature.

Front 19

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Back 19

The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was an early colonial constitution that established a rule of law that governed the towns of Wethersfield, Windsor, and Hartford, beginning in 1639.

Front 20

Declaration of Independence

Back 20

The Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776,

Front 21

Articles of Confederation

Back 21

The Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation, the first constitution of the United States, on November 15, 1777.

Front 22

Constitutional Convention

Back 22

In September 1786, at the Annapolis Convention, delegates from five states called for a Constitutional Convention in order to discuss possible improvements to the Articles of Confederation

Front 23

Virginia Plan

Back 23

The Virginia Plan (also known as the Randolph Plan, after its sponsor, or the Large-State Plan) was a proposal by Virginiadelegates for a bicameral legislative branch. The plan was drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787.

Front 24

New Jersey Plan

Back 24

The New Jersey Plan (also widely known as the Small State Plan or the Paterson Plan) was a proposal for the structure of the United States Government presented by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention on June 15, 1787.

Front 25

Constitution

Back 25

a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.

Front 26

Magna Carta

Back 26

Magna Carta Libertatum, commonly called Magna Carta, is a charter agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215

Front 27

Mayflower Compact

Back 27

The Mayflower Compact, signed by 41 English colonists on the ship Mayflower on November 11, 1620, was the first written framework of government established in what is now the United States.

Front 28

Due Process

Back 28

fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement.

Front 29

Rule of Law

Back 29

the restriction of the arbitrary exercise of power by subordinating it to well-defined and established laws.

Front 30

Limited Government

Back 30

Limited government is a principle of classical liberalism, free market libertarianism, and some tendencies of liberalism and conservatism in the United States.

Front 31

Self-Government

Back 31

government of a country by its own people, especially after having been a colony.

Front 32

Continental Congress

Back 32

The Continental Congress, also known as the Philadelphia Congress, was a convention of delegates called together from the Thirteen Colonies which became the governing body of the United States (USA) during the American Revolution. The Congress met from 1774 to 1789 in three incarnations.