Unit 2 Infection Prevention And Control

Front 1

Infection

Back 1

the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms

Front 2

Pathogens

Back 2

Microorganisms capable of producing a disease

Front 3

Microorganisms

Back 3

Microscopic entities such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi that are capable of carrying on living processes.

Front 4

Colonization

Back 4

the presence and growth of microorganisms within a host but without tissue invasion or damage.

Front 5

Communicable disease

Back 5

Any disease that can be transmitted from one person or animal to another by direct or indirect contact or by vectors.

Front 6

Symptomatic

Back 6

If the pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs and symptoms.

Front 7

Asymptomatic

Back 7

If clinical signs and symptoms are not present

Front 8

Infection occurs in a cycle that depends on the presence of all of the following elements:

Back 8

- An infectious agent or pathogen
- A reservoir or source for pathogen growth
- A port of exit from the reservoir
- A mode of transmission
- A port of entry to a host
- A susceptible host

Front 9

Reservoir

Back 9

A place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await transfer to a susceptible host.

Front 10

Aerobic bacteria

Back 10

require oxygen for survival and for multiplication sufficient to cause disease.

Front 11

Anaerobic bacteria

Back 11

thrive where little or no free oxygen is available.

Front 12

The ideal temperature for most human pathogens is....

Back 12

20 to 43 Degrees C (or 68 to 109 F)

Front 13

Most microorganisms prefer an environment within a pH range of

Back 13

5.0 to 7.0

Front 14

Direct Contact

Back 14

Person-to-person (fecal, oral) physical contact between source and susceptible host

Front 15

Indirect Contact

Back 15

Personal contact of susceptible host with contaminated inanimate object.

Front 16

Droplet

Back 16

Large particles that travel up to 3 feet during coughing, sneezing, or talking and come in contact with susceptible host.

Front 17

Airborne

Back 17

Droplet nuclei or residue or evaporated droplets suspended in dir during coughing or sneezing or carried on dust particles.

Front 18

Incubation period

Back 18

Interval between entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of first symptoms

Front 19

Prodromal Stage

Back 19

Interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms to more specific symptoms.

Front 20

Illness Stage

Back 20

Interval when patient manifests signs and symptoms specific to type of infection

Front 21

Convalescence

Back 21

Interval when acute symptoms of infection disappear.

Front 22

Aepsis

Back 22

the absence of pathogenic microorganisms

Front 23

Medical asepsis

Back 23

clean technique, includes procedures for reducing the number of organisms present and preventing the transfer of organisms. (Hand hygiene, barrier techniques, and routine environmental cleaning)

Front 24

If an infectious disease can be transmitted directly from one person to another, it is a:
A) Susceptible host
B) Communicable disease
C) Port of entry to a host
D) Port of exit from the reservoir.

Back 24

B) Communicable disease

Front 25

Which is the most likely means of transmitting infection between patients?
A) Exposure to another patient's cough
B) Sharing equipment among patients
C) Disposing of soiled linen in a shared linen bag
D) Contact with a health care worker's hands

Back 25

D) Contact with a health care worker's hands

Front 26

Identify the interval when a patient progresses from nonspecific signs to manifesting signs and symptoms specific to a type of infection.
A) Illness stage
B) Convalescence
C) Prodromal stage
D) Incubation period

Back 26

C) Prodromal stage

Front 27

Which of the following is the most effective way to break the chain of infection?
A) Hand hygiene
B) Wearing gloves
C) Placing patients in isolation
D) Providing private rooms for patients

Back 27

A) Hand hygiene

Front 28

A family member is providing care to a loved one who has an infected leg wound. What would you instruct the family member to do after providing care and handling contaminated equipment or organic material.
A) Wear gloves before eating or handling food
B) Place any soiled materials into a bag and double bag it
C) Have the family member check with the doctor about need for immunization
D) Perform hand hygiene after care and/or handling contaminated equipment or material.

Back 28

D) Perform hand hygiene after care and/or handling contaminated equipment or material.

Front 29

A patient is isolated for pulmonary
A) Provide a dark, quiet room to calm the patient.
B) Reduce the level of precautions to keep the patient from becoming angry.
C) Explain the reasons for isolation procedures and provide meaningful stimulation
D) Limit family and other caregiver visits to reduce the risk of spreading the infection.

Back 29

C) Explain the reasons for isolation procedures and provide meaningful stimulation

Front 30

The nurse wears a gown when:
A) The patient's hygiene is poor.
B) The nurse is assisting with medication administration
C) The patient has aquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or hepatitis.
D) Blood or body fluids may get on the nurse's clothing from a task that he or she plans to perform.

Back 30

D) Blood or body fluids may get on the nurse's clothing from a task that he or she plans to perform.

Front 31

The nurse has redressed a patient's wound and now plans to administer a medication to the patient. Which is the correct infection control procedure?
A) Leave the gloves on to administer the medication
B) Remove gloves and administer the medication
C) Remove gloves and perform hand hygiene before administering the medication
D) Leave the medication on the bedside table to avoid having to remove gloves before leaving the patient's room.

Back 31

C) Remove gloves and perform hand hygiene before administering the medication

Front 32

When a nurse is performing surgical hand asepsis, the nurse must keep hands:
A) Below elbows
B) Above elbows
C) At a 45-degree angle
D) In a comfortable position.

Back 32

B) Above elbows

Front 33

What is the best method to sterilize a straight urinary catheter and suction tube in the home setting?
A) use an autoclave
B) Use boiling water
C) Use ethylene oxide gas
D) Use chemicals for disinfection.

Back 33

B) Use boiling water

Front 34

A patient has an indwelling urinary catheter. Why does an indwelling urinary catheter present a risk for urinary tract infection?
A) It keeps an incontient patient's skin dry
B) It can get caught in the linens or equipment
C) It obstructs the normal flushing action of urine flow
D) It allows the patient to remain hydrated without having to urinate.

Back 34

C) It obstructs the normal flushing action of urine flow

Front 35

Your ungloved hands come in contact with the drainage from your patient's wound. What is the correct method to clean your hands?
A) Wash them with soap and water
B) Use an alcohol-based hand cleaner.
C) Rinse them and use the alcohol-based hand cleaner
D) Wipe them with a paper towel.

Back 35

A) Wash them with soap and water

Front 36

A patient's surgical wound has become swollen, red and tender. You note that the patient has a new fever and leukocytosis. What is the best immediate intervention?
A) Notify the health care provider and use surgical technique to change
B) Reassure the patient and recheck the wound later.
C) Notify the health care provider and support the patient's fluid and nutritional needs.
D) Alert the patient and caregivers to the presence of an infection to ensure care after discharge.

Back 36

C) Notify the health care provider and support the patient's fluid and nutritional needs.

Front 37

While preparing
A) When a sterile field comes in contact with a wet surface, the sterile field is contaminated by capillary action.
B) Fluid flows in the direction of gravity
C) A sterile field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to air.
D) None of the principles were violated.

Back 37

C) A sterile field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to air.

Front 38

Disinfection

Back 38

a process that eliminates many or all microorganisms, with the exception of bacterial spores, from inanimate objects. (alcohols, chlorines)

Front 39

Sterlization

Back 39

the complete elimination or destruction of all microorganisms, including spores.