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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hellenic Age
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The period (about 800-323 B.C.) when the civilization of the ancient Greeks took shape and reached its height.
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Iliad
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One of two epics written by Homer, which tells of the tragic quarrel between two heroes of the Trojan War.
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Odyssey
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One of Homer's two epics; it tells the adventures of Odysseus on his way home to Greece after the Trojan War.
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democracy
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A form of government based on rule by the people.
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Persian Wars
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The long struggle of the Greek city-states against the Persian Empire's attempt at conquest (449-479 B.C.)
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classical
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a style of art and thought emphasizing order and simplicity.
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Parthenon
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the temple of Athena, which stands on the Acropolis in Athens.
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Sophist
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the name for a Greek teacher who, in the decades after the Persian Wars, traveled from city to city teaching speech, grammer, gymnastics, mathematics, and music.
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Socratic method
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a technique emphasized by Socrates that encouraged people to become aware of their own views and those of others by asking questions.
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Peloponnesian War
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the war between Athens and Sparta that began in 431 B.C. and evertually led to the weakening of Greek city-states.
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Hellenistic Age
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The period (about 323-100 B.C.) following Alexander's conquests when Greek culture spread throughout the lands he had conquered.
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Epicureanism
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a Hellenistic school of philophy that developed in Athens about 300 B.C. and stressed the importance of simple pleasures.
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Stoicism
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an important Hellenistic school of philosophy that developed in Athens about 300 B.C.; emphasized dignity, self-control, and reason.
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republic
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in ancient Rome, a form of government that was not a monarchy; in modern times, a democratic government in which citizens choose representatives to govern them.
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Twelve Tables
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The Roman laws, collected in 451 B.C., that gave the common people some protection against unfair decisions by Patrician judges.
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Punic Wars
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a series of three wars fought between Rome and the North African city-state of Carthage between 246 and 146 B.C.
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First Triumvirate
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the three Roman generals (Gnaeus Pompey, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Julius Caesar) who ruled the Roman Republic from 60 to 46 B.C.
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Second Triumvirate
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The three supporters of Julius Caesar (Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian) who controlled Rome after defeating Saesar's murderers.
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Pax Romana
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the period (27 B.C. - A.D. 180) when ancient Rome and the empire it ruled enjoyed long periods of peace and prosperity.
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Circus Maximus
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a Roman outdoor arena in which public games, such as chariot races, were held
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Colosseum
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a Roman outdoor arena in which public games were held
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Greco-Roman culture
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the eastern Mediterranean culture that developed from the blending of Greek and Roman cultures.
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Law of Nations
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a branch of Roman law that was applied to citizens in all parts of the Empire regardless of nationality
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Messiah
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a savior, promised by Jewish prophets, who Jews believed would restore their kingdom's ancient greatness and bring an age of prosperity and peace.
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Gospels
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the first four books of the New Testament in the Christian Bible, which describe Jesus' life and teachings
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Christianity
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a religion based on Jesus' teachings, developed in the eastern Mediterranean during the first century A.D.
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Buddhism
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a religion founded in India and based on Siddhartha Gautama's teachings.
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Four Noble Truths
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the major principlles of Buddhism, which recognize the inevitability of suffering and encourage individuals to achieve a state of "not wanting" and practice moderation in order to reach enlitenment
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Sanskrit
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an Indo-European language used in India for literature.
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Taoism
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a Chinese philosophy based on discovering the Tao, or way, of the universe and living in harmony with nature.
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Legalism
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a Chinese philosophy of the third century B.C. that assumed that people were evil and selfish and lived well only under strict rules.
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Great Wall
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a 1,500-mile stone wall stretching across northern China.
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dynastic cyle
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the rise and fall of dynasties in a regular pattern.
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Silk Road
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In ancient China, the route that silk merchants traveled as they headed westward through China to India, Persia, and Roman provinces along the Mediterranean.
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Age of Disunity
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the period (A.D. 220-589) following the fall of the Han dynasty when China was beset by warfare and political unrest.
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Homer
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(8th century B.C.) Greek epic poet who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey.
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Pericles
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(495-429 B.C.) Leader of Athens during its "Golden Age"
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Herodotus
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(484-425 B.C.) Greek historian, known as "the father of history".
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Thucydides
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471-400 B.C.; Greek historian
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Sophocles
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496-406 B.C.; Greek dramatist who wrote Antigone and Oedipus Rex.
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Socrates
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Greek philosopher
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Plato
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Greek philosopher and author of "The Republic"
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Aristotle
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Greek philosopher
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Alexander the Great
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Conquerer of Greece and the ancient Middle East
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Ptolemy
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Ruler of Egypt who established a dynasty centered in Alexandria.
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Hannibal
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Carthaginian general who led a successful attack against the Romans during the Second Punic War
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Julius Caesar
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Roman general, statesman, and historian
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Cleopatra
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Mark Antony's wife, was from Egypt but was the Queen of Rome.
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Augustus
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First Roman Emperor.
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Virgin
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Roman who wrote the Aeneid
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Diocletian
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Roman emperor
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Constantine
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Roman emperor who founded COnstantinople
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Attila
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King of the Huns who attempted to conquer Rome.
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Jesus
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One of the world's great religious leaders; believed by most Christians to be the Son of God.
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Paul
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early Christian missionary who developed many of the ideas that form the basis of Christianity.
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Augustine
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Christian thinker who wrote "The City of God".
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Buddha
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Siddhartha Gautama; an Indian Prince who when was exposed to the harsh realities of the world, developed Buddhism. Was aka "The enlightened One".
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Chandragupta Maurya
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Founder of the Mauryan empire
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Asoka
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Ruler of India who supported the Buddhist ideal of nonviolence.
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Mencius
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Chinese philosopher
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Laozi
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The first great Chinese teacher of Taoism.
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Li Si
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One of the founders of the Chinese philosophy Legalism
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Sparta
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a militaristic city-state of ancient Greece, now partly covered by a town of the same name in the southern Peloponnesus region of Greece
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Athens
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a famous city-state of ancient Greece; occupied continuously from Stone Age times to present
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Macedonia
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a kingdom of ancent northern Greece, ruled by Philip and his son, Alexander the Great; its land is now divided among Greece, Bulgaria, and a state that broke away from Yugoslavia.
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Rome
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a city, once the capital of the Roman Empire, that has existed at the same place in central Italy for more that 2,500 years.
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Constantinople
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capital of eastern part of the Roman Empire, built by the emperor Constantine about A.D. 330, now the city of Istanbul in Turkey.
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Carthage
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an ancient city on the north coast of Africa, destroyed in 146 B.C.; it was not far from modern Tunis, the capital of Tunisia.
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Bethlehem
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a town in Judaea near Jerusalem, where Jesus was born; still known by its ancient name (or by the Arabic equivalent, Bayt Lahm), it is governed today by Israel.
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Magadha
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an ancient kingdom in eastern India that expanded to rule the entire plain of the Ganges and all of northern India as far as the Pujab.
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Mauryan Empire
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started by Chandragupta Maurya, empire included all of northern India and part of what is now Afghanistan.
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Gupta Empire
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The last great Hindu empire in Inda. Known as India's Classical Age.
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Chang'an
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the capital of the Han Dynasty, located where the city of Xi'an stands today in central China.
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Kush
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a kingdom established by the Nubians around 1600 B.C. in part of the area now occupied by Egypt, Suda, and Ethiopia.
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Meroe
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the capital of the Kushite Egypt, built about 590 B.C., where the city of Kabushiyah, Sudan, is now.
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Aksum
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an ancient kingdom in what is now the northern highlands of Ethiopia; its capita, Aksum, survives in the modern town of the same name.
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Teotihuacan
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the first true city in the Americas, it was built in central Mexico early in the Christian era and destroyed between about 650 and 800.
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Diocletian
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Roman emperor
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Constantine
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Roman emperor who founded COnstantinople
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Attila
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King of the Huns who attempted to conquer Rome.
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Jesus
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One of the world's great religious leaders; believed by most Christians to be the Son of God.
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Paul
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early Christian missionary who developed many of the ideas that form the basis of Christianity.
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Augustine
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Christian thinker who wrote "The City of God".
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Buddha
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Siddhartha Gautama; an Indian Prince who when was exposed to the harsh realities of the world, developed Buddhism. Was aka "The enlightened One".
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Chandragupta Maurya
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Founder of the Mauryan empire
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Asoka
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Ruler of India who supported the Buddhist ideal of nonviolence.
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Mencius
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Chinese philosopher
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