Unit 2 Chapter 2 And 3

Front 1

agricultural density

Back 1

the ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture

Front 2

agricultural revolution

Back 2

the time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering

Front 3

arithmetic density

Back 3

the total number of people divided by the total land area

Front 4

census

Back 4

a complete enumeration of a population

Front 5

crude birth rate

Back 5

the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Front 6

crude death rate

Back 6

the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Front 7

demographic transition

Back 7

the process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low crude rate of natural increase, and a higher total population

Front 8

demography

Back 8

the scientific study of population characteristics

Front 9

dependency ratio

Back 9

the number of people under the age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force

Front 10

double time

Back 10

the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase

Front 11

ecumene

Back 11

the portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement

Front 12

epidemiologic transition

Back 12

distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

Front 13

epidemiology

Back 13

branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality

Front 14

industral revolution

Back 14

a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods

Front 15

infant mortality rate

Back 15

the total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year old for every 1,000 live births in a society

Front 16

life expectancy

Back 16

the average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live

Front 17

medical revolution

Back 17

medical technology invented in europe and north america that is diffused to the poorer countries of latin america, asia, and africa, imporved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer

Front 18

natural increase rate

Back 18

the percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate

Front 19

overpopulation

Back 19

the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living

Front 20

Pandemic

Back 20

disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population

Front 21

physiolgical density

Back 21

the number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture

Front 22

population pyrimad

Back 22

a bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex

Front 23

sex ratio

Back 23

the number of males per 100 females in the population

Front 24

total fertility rate

Back 24

the average number of children a women will have throughout her childbearing years.

Front 25

zero population grownth

Back 25

a decline of the total ferility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero

Front 26

chapter 3

Back 26

27-50

Front 27

brain drain

Back 27

large-scale emigration by talented people

Front 28

chain migration

Back 28

migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there

Front 29

circulation

Back 29

short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis

Front 30

couterurbanization

Back 30

net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries

Front 31

emigration

Back 31

migration from a location

Front 32

floodplain

Back 32

the area subject to flooding during a given number of years according to historical trends

Front 33

forced migration

Back 33

permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors

Front 34

guest workers

Back 34

workers who migrate to the more developed countries of northern and western europe, usually from southern and eastern europe or from north africa, in search of higher-paying jobs

Front 35

immigration

Back 35

migration to a new location

Front 36

internal migration

Back 36

permanent movement within a particular country

Front 37

international migration

Back 37

permanent movement from one country to another

Front 38

interregional migration

Back 38

permanent movememt from one region of a country to another

Front 39

intervening obstacles

Back 39

an environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration

Front 40

interaregional migration

Back 40

permanent movement within one region of a country

Front 41

migration

Back 41

form of relocation diffusion involving a permanent move to a new location

Front 42

migration transition

Back 42

change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industralization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition

Front 43

mobility

Back 43

all types of movement from one location to another

Front 44

net migration

Back 44

the difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration

Front 45

pull factor

Back 45

factor that induces people to move to a new location

Front 46

push factor

Back 46

factor that induces poeple to leave old residences

Front 47

quotas

Back 47

in reference to migration, laws that place maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year

Front 48

refugees

Back 48

people who are forced to migrate from thier hime country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of thier race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion

Front 49

unauthorized immigrants

Back 49

people who enter a country without proper documents

Front 50

voluntary migration

Back 50

permanent movement undertaken by choice