Unit 2 - Cells

Front 1

Enzymes

Back 1

-Enzymes are proteins that can speed up a chemical reaction.

- work by binding to reactant (also called substances) and altering them into products.

- they can repeat the same reaction over and over again.

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acidic

Back 2

- containing acid

- having a pH below 7.

Front 3

basic

Back 3

- having a pH of above 7.

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Carbohydrates

Back 4

Function: Primary Source of energy

Monomer (building block): Monosaccharide, Typical ring formation

Polymer: Sucrose

Front 5

Proteins

Back 5

Function: enzymes. Structure-- hair, nails, muscle

Monomer (building block): animo acids

Front 6

Lipids

Back 6

Function: Stored energy and cell membrane

Monomer (building block): Glycerol

Polymer: 2 or more glycerols

Front 7

DNA

Back 7

is a nucleic acid, which stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.

- DNA is the master copy of an organism's information code.

- The information coded in DNA contains the instructions used to form all of an organism's enzymes and structural proteins. It may also determine how an organism looks and acts.

Front 8

Eukaryote

Back 8

- Found in animals, plants, and other muticellular organisms.

- Contain a nucleus, which holds the DNA and controls the cell.

- Contain numerous membrane- bound organelles (parts).

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Prokaryote

Back 9

- Found in bacteria and other unicellular organisms

- Do NOT contain a nucleus or any membrane- bound organelles.

- DNA floats around in the cytoplasm.

- Smaller and simpler than Eukaryote cells.

Front 10

Ribosomes

Back 10

make proteins

found in both eukaryote and prokaryote cells.

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Mitochondia

Back 11

is a membrane bound organelle mostly found in most eukaryotic cells.

found in both eukaryote and prokaryote cells.

Front 12

Surface Tension

Back 12

Since water molecules are attracted to each other (cohesion) through hydrogen bonds, they form a strong surface, which is important to many organisms.

Front 13

Cohesion

Back 13

when two water molecules are attracted to each other and form a very strong bond.

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Adhesion

Back 14

Water molecules are attracted to different types of molecules.

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Polar Molecule

Back 15

a molecule with positive and negative ends.

Front 16

Capillary Action

Back 16

- The polar molecules are attracted to the sides of the surface (adhesion) so they can climb up thin tubes, this is called Capillary Action.

Front 17

Passive Transport

Back 17

- Passive Transport is when particles are moved across the membrane without using energy

- Diffusion is an example pf passive transport (movement of particles from high to low concentration).

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facilitated

Back 18

Facilitated Diffusion uses transport proteins to bring specific particles across the membrane.

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Active Transport

Back 19

-Active Transport is when particles are moved across the membrane using energy.

- Energy is needed because the particles are being pushed the other way.

- Carrier proteins use energy to push particles across the membrane.

Front 20

diffusion

Back 20

is the movement of particles from areas from high concentration to areas of low concentration ("down the concentration gradient")

Front 21

Concentration Gradient

Back 21

is the measurement of how the concentration of something changes from one place to another.

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osmosis

Back 22

is the diffusion of water through a membrane =.

- because water is so small, it can pass through membranes easily.

- sometimes, particles cannot pass through the membrane because they are too large.

Front 23

Mitosis

Back 23

Mitosis is the process by which two daughters cells are formed, each containing a complete set of chromosomes.

1. Prophase

2. Metaphase

3. Anaphase

4. Telophase