Unit 2 Biology Vocab

Front 1

activation energy

Back 1

energy needed to change potential energy into kinetic

Front 2

amino acid

Back 2

nitrogenous building blocks of protein molecules

Front 3

what kind of cmpound is a carbohydrate?

Back 3

organic

Front 4

what 3 elements do carbohydrates contain?

Back 4

oxygen, hydrogen, carbon

Front 5

starch is a ____?

Back 5

carbohydrate

Front 6

what is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Back 6

glucose

Front 7

chemical energy

Back 7

form of pontential energy stored in chemical bonds

Front 8

dehydration synthesis

Back 8

formation of complex organic compounds in which water is given off

Front 9

dissacharide

Back 9

sugar made of 2 simple sugar molecules

Front 10

enzyme- lipid, protein, carb?

Back 10

protein

Front 11

lipids made of what?

Back 11

3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol

Front 12

enzyme=catalyst=?

Back 12

speeds up processes

Front 13

enzyme characteristics

Back 13

1)speeds up reactions
2)1 specific reaction
3)never used up in reaction
4)protein, amino acids
5)lowers activation energy required for chmical reaction

Front 14

enzyme suffix?

Back 14

ase

Front 15

potential energy

Back 15

stored

Front 16

kinetic energy

Back 16

motion

Front 17

conservation energy

Back 17

in chemical reactions, neither created nor destroyed (transformed)

Front 18

enzyme changes and conforms to the____?

Back 18

substrate

Front 19

condensation reaction

Back 19

small molecules join to form larger molecules

Front 20

nucleic acids found where?

Back 20

in the nucleus

Front 21

DNA=?

Back 21

genetic code

Front 22

RNA=?

Back 22

copies DNA instructions to produce proteins

Front 23

Nucleic Acid role

Back 23

organism's code

Front 24

atoms

Back 24

building blocks of nature

Front 25

element

Back 25

composed of one type of atom

Front 26

atomic number

Back 26

number of protons

Front 27

compound

Back 27

combo of 2+ atoms of different elements joined by chemical bond

Front 28

molecule

Back 28

combo of 2+ atoms joined by covalent bond

Front 29

covalent bond

Back 29

combine by sharing electrons

Front 30

ionic bond

Back 30

attraction between ions, balance in order to be neutral,

Front 31

physical properties

Back 31

physical characteristics of matter

Front 32

chemical properties

Back 32

how matter behaves with other elements/compounds

Front 33

chemical change

Back 33

new substance with new properties formed

Front 34

law of conservation of mass

Back 34

mass is neither created nor destroyed (chemical equations must be balanced= numbers of atoms on both sides af the arrows must be equal

Front 35

solutions

Back 35

mixture that are the same throughout but have variable composition

Front 36

bases

Back 36

pH above 7 (slippery, bitter taste, give off OH- in water)

Front 37

acids

Back 37

pH below 7 (gives off H+ in water, sour taste)

Front 38

organic chemistry

Back 38

contains carbon

Front 39

inorganic chemistry

Back 39

no carbon, except CO2, not produced by living things

Front 40

structural formula

Back 40

states kinds, # of atoms, arrangement

Front 41

isomers

Back 41

same chemical formula but different structural formula + properties

Front 42

carbohydrates elements

Back 42

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
(2 H:1 O)

Front 43

Carbohydrate role

Back 43

quick energy, cell structures

Front 44

Monosaccharide

Back 44

- 1 sugar
- glucose, fructose
- Benedicts=orange/red

Front 45

Disaccharide

Back 45

- 2 sugars
- sucrose, lactose, maltose
- Benedicts= no change, light blue

Front 46

Polysaccharide

Back 46

- many sugars
- starch, glycogen, cellulose
- Iodine test= inky blue

Front 47

Lipid Elements

Back 47

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (more H than O)

Front 48

Lipid Types

Back 48

fats= animal (solid)
oils= plant (liquid)
waxes= plant/animal

Front 49

Lipid Role

Back 49

stored energy, cell membrane

Front 50

Lipid Groups

Back 50

carboxyl(-COOH)
R(long chains of C-H)

Front 51

Fatty Acid Types

Back 51

Unsaturated
Saturated

Front 52

Saturated

Back 52

single covalent bonds- bad

Front 53

Unsaturated

Back 53

double covalent bonds- healthy

Front 54

Protein Elements

Back 54

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur

Front 55

Protein Roles (4)

Back 55

1)build living material (muscle)
2)enzymes 4 chemical reactions
3)fight diseases
4)transport particle in/out of cells

Front 56

Protein Structure

Back 56

Amino Acids (3 groups)
Shape

Front 57

Protein Groups

Back 57

carboxyl, amino acid, r

Front 58

denatured

Back 58

protein changed shape andbecomes inactive (pH, temp.) (enzynme)

Front 59

polypeptide

Back 59

large molecule made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Front 60

peptide bond

Back 60

carbon-nitrogen bond linking amino acids to form polypeptides

Front 61

substrate

Back 61

substances enzymes cause to react

Front 62

active site

Back 62

enzyme's surface
does not exactly fit substrate shape so enzyme is like flexible key (slight change to fit substrate)

Front 63

hydrolysis

Back 63

large molecules converted to smaller ones by reverse condensation, addition of water

Front 64

peptide

Back 64

amino acids bonded together

Front 65

dipeptide

Back 65

2 amino acids link