Unit 2

Front 1

Histology

Back 1

A branch of anatomy that includes the microscopic study of tissues.

Front 2

Intercellular Junction

Back 2

Cellular Connections found between the cells are tightly packed tissues such as epithelium

Front 3

Tight Junction

Back 3

What type of intercellular Junction in which fluid type seals are formed between the membranes of two adjacent cells, for example cells lining the digestive tract

Front 4

Desmosomes

Back 4

Type of intercellular Junction characterized by spot-weld attachments between adjacent cells such as skin cells

Front 5

Gap Junctions

Back 5

What type of intercellular Junction in which tubular channels known as Gap Junctions travel between two adjacent cells and allow ions and nutrients to move from one cell to the next

Front 6

Epithelial tissue

Back 6

The tissue of the body that covers and lines body surfaces and organs and makes up the endocrine glands. Epithelial tissue usually lacks blood-vessels, divides frequently and heals quickly, has cells that are tightly packed with many intercellular Junctions and is anchored to connective tissue by basement membrane

Front 7

Connective tissue

Back 7

Tissue of the body that binds, support, protect, provide structural framework, fills gaps, stores fat, repairs tissue damage and produces blood cells. The cells of the connective tissue are usually widely separated with extracellular Matrix between and around them. Most connective tissues are rich with blood and nerves and are capable of division. The cells found in connective tissues are highly diverse

Front 8

Muscle tissue

Back 8

A tissue of the body that has the ability to contract and shorten in order to cause movement and increase heat production. There are three kinds of muscle: cardiac, skeletal, and smooth

Front 9

Nervous tissue

Back 9

Tissue of the body that is composed of neurons and neuroglial cells which are found in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. This tissue performs the important functions of sensing and responding to stimuli, communicating and coordinating bodily activities

Front 10

Simple squamous epithelium

Back 10

A single layer of flat thin squamous cells that facilitated diffusion for example lining the alveoli of the lungs

Front 11

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Back 11

Single layer of cube-shaped cells that function for secretion and absorption for example lining the kidney tubules

Front 12

Simple columnar epithelium

Back 12

A single layer of tall columnar cells

Front 13

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Back 13

Cells which appeared to be layered. Their nuclei can be found at different levels, however, each cell reaches the basement membrane. This type of epithelium also possesses cilia and goblet cells. For example lines the trachea

Front 14

Stratified squamous epithelium

Back 14

Made up of many layers of cells. The uppermost cells are flattened and squamous shaved in the lower layer of cells or more cuboidal or columnar. New cells are constantly arising from the deepest layer and pushed upwards. for example the skin

Front 15

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Back 15

Made up of cells in layers the function for secretion for example lines sweat glands

Front 16

Stratified columnar epithelium

Back 16

Made up of several layers of cells with a columnar cells making up the upper layers in the cuboidal cells making up the lower layers. For example the male urethra

Front 17

Extracellular Matrix

Back 17

Is the materials that surround connective tissue cells and fibers. Extracellular Matrix is made up of protein fibers ( collagenous, elastic and or reticular) and ground substance ( gel, fluids, hard calcified)

Front 18

Fibroblast

Back 18

What kind of connective tissue cell that produces and secretes fibrous proteins in The extracellular Matrix

Front 19

Mast cells

Back 19

Found in connective tissue in areas close to blood vessels. Mast cells release histamine which promotes inflammation and heparin which inhibits the development of the blood clots

Front 20

Macrophages

Back 20

Immune system cells that are found in some kinds of connective tissue

Front 21

Collagenous fibers

Back 21

Comprised of collagen protein and are often arranged in bundles. These fibers are very strong and strength of the tissues that they're found in. Examples are tendons and ligaments

Front 22

Elastic fibers

Back 22

Are comprised of elastin protein. Elastic fibers are found in tissues that need to have the ability to stretch. Examples of respiratory tubules

Front 23

Reticular fibers

Back 23

I composed a very thin collagen protein found in branching Arrangements. But ticular fibers provide structural framework and some body structures for example lymph nodes

Front 24

Areolar tissue

Back 24

The kind of connective tissue that helps to facilitate diffusion, find epithelial tissue and connective tissue and fill spaces between muscles. Areolar tissue has a gel-like ground substance, fibers, fibroblasts and many other types of cells

Front 25

Adipose tissue

Back 25

A kind of connective tissue made of adipocytes. These cells have the ability to store fat in their cytoplasm. So much fat is stored that the cell nuclei and other organelles are pushed to the peripheral edges of the cell. Adipose tissue is important for long-term energy storage, insulation and protection. Adipose tissue is found beneath the skin, around organs and body structures

Front 26

Dense regular connective tissue

Back 26

This tissue is composed of many collagen fibers that are bundled together in a parallel Arrangement along with fibroblasts and a few elastic tissues. This tissue can withstand pull in One Direction and makes up the structures of tendons and ligaments

Front 27

Dense irregular connective tissue

Back 27

This tissue is composed of collagen fibers that are randomly organized and so can withstand pulled in multiple directions for example joint capsules

Front 28

Cartilage

Back 28

What kind of connective tissue that supports, gives structural Integrity to body structures and his protective. Cartilage has a gel-like ground substance with fibers. Chondrocytes (cartilage cells) are found within small spaces called lacunae and are covered by perichondrium

Front 29

Hyaline cartilage

Back 29

Characterized by fine collagenous fibers. Hyaline cartilage is found between articulating bones, makes up parts of the nose, cartilaginous Rings associated with the respiratory tubules and embryonic skeleton

Front 30

Elastic cartilage

Back 30

Has elastic fibers in The extracellular Matrix. Elastic cartilage forms the external ear and portions of the larynx

Front 31

Fibrocartilage

Back 31

A very strong cartilage with many collagenous fibers that function and protection in the absorption of shock for example intervertebral discs

Front 32

Bone

Back 32

A very hard and rigid type of connective tissue which has a hard, calcified matrix made up of collagen fibers and mineral salts. Bone is important for protection, support, blood cell production and Mineral homeostasis

Front 33

Blood

Back 33

Kind of connective tissue with fluid Matrix called plasma period blood tissue is formed in bone marrow. Blood is composed of blood cells (such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) and plasma

Front 34

Serous membrane

Back 34

Lines body cavities and organs. Serious membrane has an upper layer of simple squamous epithelium called the mesothelium and a lower layer of loose connective tissue. Serous fluid is secreted from the serous membrane

Front 35

Mucous membrane

Back 35

Lines body cavities that open to an external environment. Mucous membrane has an upper epithelial layer and a lower connective tissue layer. Mucus is released from mucus membrane

Front 36

Cutaneous membrane

Back 36

Skin

Front 37

Synovial membrane

Back 37

Connective tissue membrane that lines synovial joint cavities

Front 38

Integumentary system

Back 38

this body system includes the skin and its derivatives (hair, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous oil glands). the skin is considered both an organ and a membrane. The integumentary system is important for protection, body temperature regulation and sensory reception

Front 39

epidermis

Back 39

the upper layer of skin, composed of stratified squamous epithelium. Attached to the dermis via basement membrane

Front 40

dermis

Back 40

the layer of skin deep relative to the epidermis. Binds to underlying tissues and contains blood vessels which nourish the epidermis, as well as many sensory receptors and cell types

Front 41

What are the layers of the dermis, and what are they composed of

Back 41

papillary - areolar connective tissue

reticular - dense irregular connective tissue

Front 42

hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue

Back 42

the tissue that lies beneath the dermis

Front 43

What is the sub-q tissue made up of

Back 43

areolar and adipose tissues

Front 44

What are the roles of the sub-q tissue

Back 44

insulates, binds dermis to underlying structures, and contains major blood vessels that feed the dermis

Front 45

keratinization

Back 45

the process of hardening that occurs to karatinocytes as the produce the protein keratin

Front 46

melanocytes

Back 46

cells produced from the stratum basale and are specialized to produce melanin

Front 47

melanin

Back 47

a dark pigment which gives the skin color and protects the DNA of the skin cells from UV radiation damage from the sun

Front 48

cyanosis

Back 48

the bluish coloration of the skin that is a result of hemoglobin that is a dark red color due to low blood oxygen

Front 49

carotene

Back 49

a yellowish-orange pigment found in the sub-q layer of skin and gives the skin a yellowish tone

Front 50

jaundice

Back 50

a yellow skin color resulting from liver problems

Front 51

dermal papillae

Back 51

tiny elevations in the dermis created by epidermal ridges

Front 52

dermal cappilaries

Back 52

found in the dermal papillae and function to nourish the epidermal cells above

Front 53

fingerprints

Back 53

individual indentations found on the distal end of fingers that result from the folding of the epidermis during fetal development which help with the ability to grasp

Front 54

cutaneous sensory receptors

Back 54

nerve cell processes that are found in the dermis which are sensitive to touch, hot/cold, pain, and pressure

Front 55

lamellated pacinian corpiscle

Back 55

a cutaneous sensory receptor stimulated by pressure

Front 56

tactile (Meissner's) corpuscle

Back 56

a cutaneous sensory receptor stimulated by touch

Front 57

thermoreceptors

Back 57

cutaneous sensory receptors stimulated by temperature changes

Front 58

epidermal derivatives

Back 58

accessory structures of the skin, which are compsed of epithelium, but located in the dermis (nail, hair, glands)

Front 59

hair follicle

Back 59

specialized epidermal cells that form a tube-like structure that is located in the dermis. hold the hair root

Front 60

hair root

Back 60

located below the surface of the skin

Front 61

hair shaft

Back 61

located above the surface of the skin

Front 62

hair root plexus

Back 62

special groups of free nerve fibers specifically associated with hair follicles

Front 63

Sebaceous glands

Back 63

glandular epithelial cells that release sebum and are associated with hair follicles

Front 64

arrector pili muscle

Back 64

tiny bundle of smooth muscle that is attached to each hair follicle and will contract if a person is cold or upset