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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abrasion |
Injury caused by rubbing or scraping that takes off superficial layer of skin |
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Angiogenesis |
Process of forming new blood vessels. Occurs in granulation phase |
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Avulsion |
Wound that results from tissue being torn away in large piece. Requires healing by secondary intention |
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Cellulitis |
Inflammation or infection of the cells,in tissues characterized by redness, heat, and edema |
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Debridement |
Removal of devitalized or dead tissue and foreign material from wound bed. Supports healing and reduced risk of infection. |
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Dehiscence |
Splitting open of a surgical wound that was been sutured closed |
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Erythema |
Redness of the skin. Caused by vasodilation related to inflammation, infection, or injury |
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Exudate |
Fluid that comes from wounds. Can be clear (serous), sanguineus (bloody), or purulent (pus) |
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Granulation tissue |
Forms in wound base which fills in wounds with scar tissue as healing with secondary intention. Red I r pink and has lumpy appearance like small grapes. |
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Ischemia |
Deficiency of blood supply to an area |
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Laceration |
A wound that is produced by the tearing or cutting of skin |
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Maceration |
Softening and whitish look to the intact skin around wounds caused by excessive moisture. |
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Necrotic tissue |
Dead tissue that looks black or brown and is hard or leathery in texture |
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Purulent |
Containing or forming pus |
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3 forms of healing by intention |
Primary intention Secondary intention Tertiary intention |
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Primary intention |
Wound margins brought together by any means (sutures, staples, band aid etc.) Incisions, cuts, and puncture wounds heal by primary intention |
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Secondary intention |
Missing tissue requires margins to contract, and then fills in resulting in a large scar, cannot be sutured close. Larger wounds that lost lots if tissue like getting a chunk bit out of you, or bed sores |
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Tertiary intention |
Wound margin are intentionally left open to allow infection to drain out of wound, then brought together and closed with stitches after granulation tissue appears. Combo of primary and secondary. Example dog bites, wound dehiscence. |
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Benign cancerous growth |
Well differentiated Encapsulated - stays together Expands and pushes on surrounding tissue Slow growth rate Hyper hormone secretion Does not metastasize Movable |
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Malignant cancerous growth |
Poor differentiation Breaks apart, sluffs off easily Infiltrates into tissue Rapid growth rate Hypo hormone secretion Eventually metastasize Fixed, won't move |
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Differentiation |
Tumors lose differentiation features over time. They look less and less like original cell and lose its abilities. As this happens they become more malignant and multiply faster. |
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Contact inhibition |
Normal cells stop reproducing when they come in contact with other cells. Cancer cells don't stop |
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Cohesiveness |
Normal cells stick together when they come in contact with eachother. Cancerous cells lack cohesiveness which makes them spread all over body |
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Anchorage independence |
Normal cells are usually anchored to a membrane or matrix to grow cancer cells can move freely and grow |
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Faulty cell to cell communication |
Normal cells recieve signals from chemical messengers to stop growth. Cancerous cells have impaired communication and don't get message to stop growing |
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Antigens |
Cancer cells express antigens that are identified as foreign. Tumor antigens may be used as markers ro indicate presence or progressive growth of a cancer |
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Enzymes |
Most cancers synthesize and secrete enzymes that break down proteins involved in insuring intracellular organization and cell to cell cohesion. This contributes to breakdown of intercellular mayrix |
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Benign tumors nomenclature |
Named by adding -oma (lipoma, adenoma) |
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Malignant tumors of epithelial origin nomenclature |
Add -carcinoma Carcinoma is more common form effecting epithelial tissues, skin, and mucous membranes |
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Malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin nomenclature |
-sarcoma Less common cancer, spreads more rapidly, highly malignant, most responsive to radiation Connective tissue tumors |
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Oncogenesis |
Genetic mechanism where normal cells are transformed into cancer cells Everyone has cancer causing genes Genetic predisposition combined with environmental risk factors determines whether genes turn on. |
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Oncogene types |
Proto oncogenes Anti oncogenes Cellular oncogenes Viral oncogenes |
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Proto oncogenes |
Disable normal apoptosis of cells which cause overproduction of cells |
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Oncogene |
Mutated genre that now has potential tocause cancer. |
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Anti oncogenes |
They damage tumor suppressing genes. Leads to under production of cancer preventing cells |
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Cellular oncogenes |
Cancer characteristics that are coded in inherited genes |
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Viral oncogenes |
Cancer characteristics integrated in the host. Transmitted by rna or dna |
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Oncogenic viruses |
Human papilloma virus, peste in barr virus, hep b and c Can mutate genes to oncogenes |
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Metastasis |
Spread of cancer in body |
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Methods if metastasis |
Direct extension Seeding Circulation |
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Metasti by direct extension |
Tumor cells spread to tissues adjacent to the primary tumor by sending out projections or tentacles to surrounding tissues |
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Metastasis by seeding |
Tumor cells slough off from primary tumor amd develop into more tumors |
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Metastasis by circulation |
A secondary tumor develops in a site distant from the primary tumor |
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Breast and lung cancer spread to. .. |
The brain, the spine |
