Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Protestant Reformation |
Reactionary religious movement founded by Martin Luther as a protest against the worldliness of the Roman Catholic Church and its perceived false doctrines |
|
|
Columbian Exchange |
Exchange of flora, fauna, diseases, and culture from both sides of the Atlantic |
|
|
Columbian Exchange: Old World |
The Old World introduced horses, wheat, cows, goats, pigs, smallpox, typhus, yellow fever, and sugar |
|
|
Columbian Exchange: New World |
The New World introduced corn, potatoes, tomatoes, cocoa, and squash |
|
|
Northwest Passage |
Fabled shortcut to Asia through North America |
|
|
Lost Colony of Roanoke |
Founded in 1585 by Sir Walter Raleigh John White is sent to Roanoke in 1587 to check on the colony and deposit new settlers Goes back to England but is prevented from leaving by Anglo-Spanish war In 1590, he checks on colony, finds only CROATOAN carved into a tree Colony's fate unknown |
|
|
Jamestown |
Founded in 1607 by Virginia Bay Colony Swampy habitat, disease, death John Smith saves colony: strong leadership, work-to-eat policy, relations with Indians good Conditions worsened in 1609, when he left until John Rolfe introduced tobacco in 1612 Became Jamestown cash crop |
|
|
Pocahontas |
In 1608, saves John Smith from possible execution Kidnaped by English in 1613 Married John Rolfe following year and converts to Christianity Visits England with husband and child; becomes sensation |
|
|
Joint Stock Company |
Company in which everyone has a share |
|
|
First Slaves in 13 Colonies |
1619- Slaves arrive in Jamestown |
|
|
House of Burgesses |
Founded in 1619 Beginnings of American Representative Government In 1670, voting restricted to white property-owning, non-slave males |
|
|
Reasons Pilgrims went to America |
Pilgrims mainly wanted to come to America to escape persecution by the authorities They wanted to secede from Anglican Church Wanted religious freedom |
|
|
Pilgrims & Plymouth |
Arrive at Plymouth Rock in November 1620 Establish Plymouth Colony Horribly fails at first because no one brought any food Called Starving Times |
|
|
Squanto & Samoset |
Samoset, a Pemaquid Indian, introduces English to friendly Wampanoags Squanto, a Wampanoag himself knew how to speak English and helped English farm and hunt wild game In fall, Pilgrims had a feast of thanksgiving Basis for modern Thanksgiving |
|
|
Puritans & Massachusetts Bay Colony |
Puritans migrate to Massachusetts Bay in 1630s Advocate simple worship services Leader: John Winthrop Younger sons join journey, because of eldest son inheritance rule in England Massachusetts Bay becomes prosperous colony Massachusetts Bay voting only available to church members Paradox: Religious toleration only for Puritans |
|
|
Thomas Hooker |
Leaves Massachusetts Bay with 100 settlers Believes government officials have too much power Founds Connecticut Becomes independent colony in 1662 Voting restricted only to property-owning males |
|
|
Roger Williams |
Believed that Puritan Church has too much power in Massachusetts Bay Advocates separation of church and state Advocates religious toleration Exiled in 1635 Founds Rhode Island in 1636 with tract of land bought from local Indians Religious toleration in new colony guaranteed |
|
|
Anne Hutchinson |
Ordered to appear before Massachusetts General Court in November 1637 Leaders didn't think it was right to let a woman interpret the Bible Exiled to Rhode Island with family and friends in 1638 |
|
|
Indian Resistance |
1675- King Philip's War begins Led by Metacomet, the Wampanoag chief Afraid of English encroachment on native lands Destroyed 12 towns and killed more than 600 settlers Defeated in 1678; Metacomet killed |
|
|
Emergence of New York |
Founded in 1626 by Peter Minuit Initially called New Amsterdam Seized by English from Peter Stuyvesant in August 1664; city renamed New York |
|
|
Emergence of New Jersey |
New York originally included New Jersey When English took over, Charles II's brother gave New Jersey to his friends Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret Proprietary colony: King gives men a colony in exchange for a yearly fee Fertile farmland attracted many people In 1702, became royal colony (colony directly controlled by England, not governors) |
|
|
Emergence of Pennsylvania |
Founded by William Penn, a Quaker in 1681 Quakers were pacifists, believed in religious tolerance, and were very egalitarian Scandalous at time Pennsylvania practiced religious tolerance Bought land from Indians instead of stealing it |
|
|
Emergence of Delaware |
Originally part of Pennsylvania Delaware delegates petitioned Penn for their own assembly Penn complied In 1704, Delaware seceded from Pennsylvania |
|
|
Cash crop |
A crop that is sold for money at market, rather than ate for food |
|
|
Southern Colonies |
Relied heavily on agriculture and slavery |
|
|
Emergence of Maryland |
Founded by Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore in 1634 Planned to build a Catholic safe haven Elected assembly and generous land grants to lure people Religious toleration, but only of Protestants and Catholics 1649- Act of Toleration (at least for Christians; no one else) passed |
|
|
Emergence of North Carolina |
Founded in 1663 as the Carolinas Northern area seceded in 1712 Settlers mostly poor farmers from Virginia |
|
|
Emergence of South Carolina |
Founded in 1663 as the Carolinas
Southern area seceded in 1719 Capital: Charleston Main settlers in Charleston: English people from Barbados |
|
|
Emergence of Georgia |
Founder: James Oglethorpe Founded in 1732 Wanted it to be debtor's haven; fresh new start Key city: Savannah, built in 1733 Started growing quickly when Oglethorpe allowed slavery |
|
|
Slave Codes |
Laws that limited slaves' behavior Denied them basic human rights |
|
|
Racism |
The belief that one race is inherently better than another |
|
|
The Middle Passage |
The journey across the Atlantic from Africa to bring new slaves Conditions inhumane, cruel; 10% of slaves died Filthy conditions, slaves chained to each other, disease |
|
|
Triangular Trade |
An economic cycle First leg(America to Europe): Sugar, tobacco, and cotton to Europe Second leg(Europe to Africa): Textiles, manufactured goods, and rum to Africa Third leg(Africa to America): Slaves to America |
|
|
Exports and Imports |
Exports are goods sent to outside markets Imports are goods brought into the country |
|
|
The Great Awakening |
A religious movement in 1730s and 1740s characterized by emotional and energetic preachers |
|
|
The Enlightenment |
A philosophical movement of the late 1600s and 1700s Believed that reason and science could be applied to society |
