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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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First ionisation energy |
The energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms to form one one mole of gaseous 1+ ions. |
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Electron shielding |
The repulsion between electrons in different inner shells. Shielding reduces the net attractive force from the positive nucleas on the outer-shell electrons. |
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A Shell |
A group of atomic orbitals with the same principal quantum number,n. Also known as a main energy level. |
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Atomic orbital |
A region within an atom that can hold up to two electrons, with opposite spins. |
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Sub-shell |
A group of the same type of atomic orbitals. |
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Electron configuration |
The arrangement of electrons in an atom. |
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Ionic bond |
The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. |
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Giant ionic lattice |
A three-dimensional structure of oppositely charged ions, held together by strong ionic bonds. |
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A group |
A vertical column in the Periodic Table. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties and their atoms have the same number of outer-shell electrons. |
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Covalent bond |
A bond formed by a shared pair of electrons. |
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Lone pair |
An outer-shell pair of electrons that is not involved in chemical bonding. |
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Dative covalent |
A shared pair of electrons which has been provided by one of the bonding atoms only. |
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Electronegativity |
A measure of the attraction of a bonded atom for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond. |
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Permanent dipole |
A small charge difference across a bond that results from a difference in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. |
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Polar molecule |
An overall dipole, when you take into account any dipoles across the bonds. |
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Intermolecular force |
An attractive force between neighbouring molecules. |
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Permanent dipole-dipole force |
A weak attractive force between permanent dipoles in neighbourng polar molecules. |
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Van der Waal's forces |
Attractive forces between induced dipoles in neighbouring molecules. |
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Hydrogen bond |
A strong dipole-dipole attraction between: -An electron deficient hydrogen atom (O-H delta+) on one molecule. -A lone pair of electrons on a highly electronegative atom (H-O delta-)or (H-N delta-) on a different molecule. |
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Metallic bonding
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The electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons.
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Delocalised electrons |
Shared electrons between more than two atoms. |
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Giant metallic lattice |
A three-dimensional structure of positive ions and delocalised electrons, bonded together by strong metallic bonds. |
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Simple molecular structure |
A threedimensional structure of molecules, bonded together by weak intermolecular forces. |
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Giant covalent lattice |
A three-dimensional structure of atoms, bonded together by strong covalent bonds. |
